The Maar-diatreme volcanoes are negative geomorphic volcanic structures, result from short-term, near-surface magma/water interactions. There are currently no literature reports on its seismic characteristics and hydrocarbon potential in China. The scale, shape, structure and lithology of the Permian volcanoes in Tazhong area, Tarim Basin, are analyzed by using high-precision continuous 3D data. More than 80 volcanic craters have been identified in the study area, with a total area of approximately 105 km₂^, and most of them are Maar-diatreme volcanoes with negative landforms. The shapes of the Maar volcanic craters in the research area are circular or elliptical, with approx. 200-2500 m wide and 300-700 m deep. On the profile, the characteristics of the volcanoes can be divided into two parts. The chaotic weak reflection in the lower part is the diatreme structure, mainly composed of diatreme breccia and collapse breccia; The upper parallel and medium strong amplitude reflections are crater sediments, possibly lacustrine sediments of Maar Lake. The craters are surrounded by low angle tuff rings composed of ejecta from these explosions, and the normal faults formed by collapse,compaction and syn-deposition. The explosive volcanic breccia of Maar is a high-quality reservoir for oil and gas, and volcanic vents can serve as oil and gas migration channels. The mud shale and coal rocks deposited in the later stage of Maar Lake are not only source rocks, but also serve as high-quality cap rocks. The Maar-diatreme volcanoes are generally small in scale, but they are numerous and easy to identify. Areas with shallow burial have great potential for oil and gas exploration.