四川盆地中部高石梯-磨溪地区FI8走滑断裂带构造特征与生长演化过程
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1.中国地质大学(北京)能源学院;2.中石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司西南物探研究院

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国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目)


Structural characteristics and growth evolution of the No.8 strike-slip fault zone in Gaoshiti-Moxi area in the central Sichuan Basin
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1.School of Energy Resources,China University of Geosciences Beijing;2.Southwest Geophysical Research Institute,BGP,CNPC

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    摘要:

    四川盆地中部的克拉通内走滑断裂系统发育在新元古代裂谷体系之上,对油气运聚成藏与差异富集具有关键控制作用。为深化川中地区走滑断裂的构造几何学与运动学特征认识,本文基于高精度三维地震资料,详细刻画川中高石梯-磨溪地区FI8走滑断裂带的构造几何学特征,建立断裂带三维构造模型。结合航磁资料,分析川中地区走滑断裂系统与深部裂谷体系之间的联系。通过断距统计和构造回剥反演恢复走滑断裂带的生长模式和形成演化过程。研究表明:(1)FI8走滑断裂带走向上长度接近70km,自西向东经历了NWW-NE-NWW-NE的走向变化,对灯影组二段、四段台缘造成了右行错断。断裂带在平面上表现出分段性,由5条主干断层组成,主要发育马尾构造和线性构造;剖面上发育高陡直立断层、“Y”字形构造、负花状构造等典型走滑构造样式,具有明显的伸展变形特征。(2)川中地区深部新元古代裂谷体系对震旦系-下三叠统走滑断裂系统具有较好的定位作用,前者是后者的发育基础。FI8走滑断裂带受深部高石梯-磨溪新元古代裂谷断层控制,两者为“硬连接”接触。(3)FI8走滑断裂带在深部裂谷体系断层控制的基础上,经历了3期继承性的构造叠加活动:晚震旦世-早寒武世的初始发育阶段、晚奥陶世-加里东期剥蚀前的生长定型阶段以及早三叠世的部分复活阶段。(4)断裂带具有2种生长模式:断层由基底先存薄弱带向上生长,上下地层断距一致或逐渐减小;断层由顶部率先破裂,在活动期逐渐向下扩展,与深部先存薄弱带贯通,断距呈现上大下小的现象。综上,FI8走滑断裂带经历了“伸展+右行走滑”的复合变形,属于先存断裂活化所引起的多期发育、多段链接的张扭(走滑)断层。

    Abstract:

    The intra-craton strike-slip fault system in the central Sichuan Basin, developed above the Neoproterozoic rift system, plays a key role in controlling hydrocarbon migration, accumulation and differential enrichment. In order to deepen the understanding of the structural geometry and kinematic characteristics of the strike-slip fault in the central Sichuan Basin, this paper describes the structural geometry characteristics of the No.8 strike-slip fault zone in the Gaoshitai-Moxi area in detail based on high-precision three-dimensional seismic data, and establishes a three-dimensional structural model of the fault zone. Combined with aeromagnetic data, the relationship between strike-slip fault system and deep rift system in central Sichuan Basin is analyzed. The growth pattern and evolution process of strike-slip fault zone are recovered by fault throw statistics and structural stripping inversion. The study indicates that: 1.The strike length of No.8 strike-slip fault zone is about 70km, and it experiences the variation of NWW-NE-NWW-NE from west to east, causing the right-lateral faulting on the platform of the second and fourth members of the Dengying Formation. The fault zone has typical strike-slip structure styles such as high steep linear structure, "Y" shape structure and negative flower-like structure in the section, and has obvious segmented characteristics in the plane, consisting of 5 main faults, mainly developed horsetail structure and linear structure. 2.The deep Neoproterozoic rift system in the central Sichuan Basin has a good positioning effect on the Sinian-Lower Triassic strike-slip fault system, and the former is the foundation of the latter. The No.8 strike-slip fault zone is controlled by the deep Gaoshitai-Moxi Neoproterozoic rift fault, and the two are "hard connected". 3.No.8 strike-slip fault zone experienced three stages of inherited tectonic superposition on the basis of fault control of deep rift system: initial development stage from Late Sinian to Early Cambrian, growth setting stage before denudation from Late Ordovician to Caledonian erosion, and partial resurrection stage of Early Triassic. 4.There are two growth modes: 1)the fault grows upward from the weak zone of the basement, and the fault throw between the upper and lower strata is the same or gradually decreases. 2)The fault ruptures first from the top, gradually expands downward during the active period, and penetrates with the existing deep weak zone. The fault throw is large on the top and small on the bottom. In summary, The fault zone has experienced the complex deformation of "extension and right strike-slip", which belongs to the multi-stage development and multi-stage link tension-torsion (strike-slip) fault caused by the activation of the pre-existing fault.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-18
  • 最后修改日期:2024-09-01
  • 录用日期:2024-09-03
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