藏东南然乌湖地区约33ka以来古冰川作用的沉积响应
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1.中国地质科学院地质研究所;2.中国地质大学(北京)

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第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0901)、中国地质科学院基本科研业务费专项(JKYZD202307)、中国地质调查局项目(DD20221630)


Sedimentary response to glaciation evolution in the Ranwu Lake area, southeastern Tibet since ca. 33 ka
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1.Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences;2.China University of Geosciences, Beijing

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    摘要:

    第四纪以来,青藏高原东南缘广泛发育了冰川地貌,说明了冰川作用对地质过程起了主导作用。然而,目前对晚第四系在冰川作用下是如何连续演化的认识仍不清楚。藏东南然乌湖地区良好地出露了一个连续的晚更新世沉积剖面,自下而上依次发育了成层坡积物、河道堆积、冰碛物与黄土等四种沉积物。本文首先通过沉积学、古水流、以及砾石统计等手段分析了该剖面的沉积特征;随后对其进行了光释光 (OSL)测年;最后讨论了其成因机制。初步认为:一、剖面底部的成层坡积物由砂和砾组成,具有明显的韵律层理,形成于约3.3万年前。该沉积可能反映了气候冷暖交替变化,是一种受到寒冻风化和冻融作用控制的冰缘沉积;二、剖面下部的河道堆积主要由直径大小不一的砾石组成,可见明显的叠瓦构造,沉积于32.8~25.1 ka,可能由北东向的冰湖溃堤导致的大规模洪水控制;三、剖面上部的冰碛物由分选极差的砾石、砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩组成,形成于25.1~11.1 ka,明显受到了末次盛冰期 (LGM) 冰川作用的影响;四、剖面顶部的黄土主要由细颗粒的细砂和粉砂组成,堆积于LGM后的间冰期(11.1 ka),可能由冰川风搬运冰川融水产生的碎屑物而形成。综上所述,成层坡积物和河道堆积形成于末次冰期的间冰期,可能对应海洋氧同位素阶段3的弱暖期晚期(MIS 3a);而冰碛物和黄土堆积则分别对应着LGM和新仙女木(YD)事件。因此,然乌湖地区约33 ka以来的沉积序列良好地反映了冰川变化对沉积的控制作用。

    Abstract:

    Southeastern Tibet is characterized by widespread glacial geomorphology, thus reflecting the dominating role of glaciation in the formation of geological process. However, it remains still unclear with regard to how the sediments respond continuously to the late Quaternary glaciation in this area. A continuous late Pleistocene sedimentary sequence, well exposed at the Ranwu lake area, includes stratified slope deposits, channel deposits, moraine deposits, and loess deposits from bottom to top. Here we firstly analyzed the sedimentary characteristics of this section using sedimentology, paleocurrent data, and conglomerate clast count. Secondly, we obtained the ages of this section through optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. Lastly, we discussed the forming mechanisms of these four types of sediments. Preliminary results are as below: 1) Stratified slope deposits are composed of sands and gravels that exhibit a typical rhythmic layering and were formed at about 33 ka. They reflect the alternating cold and warm climate change and likely belong to a periglacial sediment which are mainly dominated by the combined gelifraction and freeze-thaw processes. 2) Channel deposits consist primarily of variably sized gravels with distinct imbrication and were formed at 32.8~25.1 ka. They were likely produced by the large-scale floods from the northeast due to glacial lake outburst floods. 3) Moraine deposits are composed primarily of poorly sorted gravels, sands, and silts and were occurred at 25.1~11.1 ka, indicating that the Ranwu Lake area was dominated by the glacier flow during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). 4) Loess deposits are comprised mainly of fine-grained sands and silts and were deposited during the interglacial period (11.1 ka). They are derived from glacial meltwater debris distributed in the valley which were subsequently transported by glacial wind. In brief, the stratified slope deposits and channel deposits from the lower part of this section were both developed during the interglacial of the Last Glacial Period (the weak warm period of late Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3, MIS 3a), while the moraine and loess deposits were formed during the LGM and the Younger Dryas (YD), respectively. This late Pleistocene sedimentary sequence in the Ranwu Lake area well reflects the influence of glaciers variations on sedimentation.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-04
  • 最后修改日期:2024-07-30
  • 录用日期:2024-08-27
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