The research on volcanic caldera is a hot spot that scholars in China and abroad continue to pay attention to. This is because the magma that formed the Caldera has a long evolution time, and it is mostly the gathering place of large polymetallic, precious metal, uranium, and other deposits. The formation of large calderas has had a great impact on the evolution history of global lives. This paper summarizes the concept of the caldera, the classification and terms confusing scholars, the world- famous caldera and its formation theory, the relationship between the research understanding of large caldera and the formation of ore deposits, the research on Caldera in China, and the direction of future efforts. In fact, it has built a continuing upward step on the ladder of scientific research. Chinese scholars should conduct high- level research in this field and make Chinese contributions to the protection of national strategic resources and to the study of the world’s caldera.