The Pamir syntax at the northern margin of the Qinghai—Xizang(Tibet) Plateau underwent a protracted evolution history of terrane drifting, accretion, collision, and final amalgamation of distinct terranes since late Neoproterozoic to early Paleocene. It recorded the whole Tethys evolution process and plays a key role for our undestanding the geodynamics of the Tethys domain. However, some key issues such as the subduction orientation of the Proto- Tethys Ocean, existence or nonexistence of bidirectional subduction of the Paleo- Tethys Ocean and the coupling between northward subdution of the Neo- Tethys Ocean and the basin—mountain architecture, are still hotlly debated. In this contribution, we have compiled the previous data and sketeched its archetecture and Tethys evolution process. Additionally, several key questions related to its tectonic evolution were discussed.Methods: syethesizing the sedimentary sequences, igneous rocks, metmorphic and structural signatures. Results: The Pamir Syntex can be divided into three main tectonic units, i, e, the Northern Pamir, the Central Pamir and the Southern Pamir. Our study demonstrated that the Northern Pamir was neither Precambrian basement nor the Triassic accretionary complex, its main part is the Cambrian accretionary complex induced by the southward subduction of the Proto- Tethys Ocean. Nevertheless, unlike the scenario of the Kunlun—Altyn orogen, the Proto- Tethys Ocean in Pamir had not closed in late Early Paleozoic, this relic ocean reopened in the initial stage of the Paleo- Tethys and the Carboniferous ocean crust within this accretionary complex and coeval rifting- related back- arc volcanic rocks at the southwestern margin of Tarim were fromed. This relic ocean was finally closed during the early Mesozoic as revealed by the Early Jurassic amphibolite- facies metamorphism of the Cambrian accretionary complex. The assumption of the Paleo- Tethys Ocean was accompanied by the opening of the Neo- Tethys Ocean, since the Middle Jurassic, the northward flat subduction of the Neo- Tethys Ocean along the Shyok zone induced the voluminous arc- type igneous rocks in Southern Pamir and at the same time, in the Central and Northern Pamir, back- arc extension basin and minor intraplate- featured igneous rocks were formed. The Neo- Tethys Ocean closed at 60~50 Ma; and at 40 Ma, alkaline volcanic rocks occurred in Kohistan and Central Pamir genetically related to slab delamination were documented. Since 40 Ma, the northward movement of the India Craton led to the quick thickening of the Pamir crust, the delamination of the thickened lithosphere mantle resulted the voluminous alkaline intrusions in the Central Pamir.