Objectives: The Carboniferous and Permian systems of the Junggar Basin recorded the crucial process of the evolution of the Paleo- Asian Ocean, and possess one of the most important oil and gas resources in China. However, the stratigraphic framework and correlation among different parts of the basin remain highly controversial, which led to poor understanding of the geological events and exploration of spatial and temporal distributions of the source rocks. Methods: In this paper, we provided a state- of- the- art review of the Carboniferous and Permian stratigraphic framework and re- evaluated the correlation based on the latest U- Pb geochronologic data in combination with lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic data in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, Northwest China.  Results: In light of the foregoing analysis, several new conclusions archived: ①The source rocks of the Lucaogou, Pingdiquan, and Lower Wuerhe formations were very likely to be deposited consistently during the Sakmarian—Artinskian ages. ②The Fengcheng Formation may range from the late Pennsylvanian to the early Cisuralian. ③The Shirenzigou, Tashenkula, and lower part of Wulabo formations were deposited during the Pennsylvanian. ④A long gap probably existed between the Hongyanchi and Quanzijie formations and led to no deposits from the Kungurian to late Guadalupian in the Junggar Basin. Conclusions: The revised stratigraphic framework has greatly changed the previous age assignments of the Carboniferous—Permian strata in the Junggar basin, which accordingly improved the understanding of the sedimentary models and paleoclimate evolutionary history for the entire basin in the Paleo- Asian Ocean.