As an important rare metal mineral, tantalum is widely used in various industrial fields. Ta deposits in the world are mainly endogenous sources, especially granite and pegmatite. The multi- stage magmatic activities caused by collision orogeny are favorable environment for tantalum mineralization. Tantalum deposits in southern Africa are rich in resources and of high grade, they are mainly granite and pegmatite type tantalum deposits. Spatially, distributed in the Kaapvaal Craton, Congo Craton, Zimbabwe Craton and the Kibara, Pan- Africa and Damara tectonic belts formed under the collision environments. Mineralization occurs mainly in Archean (2.85~2.58 Ga), Paleoproterozoic (2.48~2.0 Ga), Late Mesoproterozoic—Early Neoproterozoic (1026~880 Ma) and Pan- African orogeny (500~440 Ma). The distribution characteristics of tantalum- bearing rare earth elements in different tantalum ore zones are quite different. There are a large number of granite and pegmatite intrusions closely related to the formation of tantalum deposits in southern Africa, with huge resource potentials and are expected to become the main tantalum resource succession base in the world in the future.