The sharing degree of core science and technology resources directly affects the rational allocation and efficient utilization level of core science and technology resources in China, and the establishment of sharing mechanism is the key to improve the sharing degree. By introducing the concept of economics, this paper analyzes the present situation and characteristics of core science and technology resources sharing at home and abroad, summarizes the existing problems in core science and technology resources sharing in the new period, discusses that core science and technology resources sharing should follow five principles, six ways and four major processes of sharing operation, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for establishing and optimizing core science and technology resources sharing mechanism.