Objectives：The Datian uranium deposit is the first one prospected in Xikang—Yunnan oldland. This paper studied the basic characteristics and the genesis of Datian uranium deposit in Panzhihua area. Methods：In the process of deposit prospection，29712 m of drilling and 5000 m 3 of trenching projects were accomplished. We applied field investigation，core catalogue，profile making，samples analysis and testing research methods. Results：The uranium orebody and the uranium mineralized body are located in the tectonic alteration belts，and the shape of ore body is lenticular and vein. The primary uranium mineral is mainly uraninite，containing a small amount of brannerite and pitchblende. The ore bearing rock is amphibolites，and it’s original rock is gabbro vein intruded in the tectonic alteration belt. The characteristics of the major elements show that the content of the major elements of the ore bearing rocks is consistent with that of the gabbros of the basic rocks，and the characteristics of the rare earth elements show that the original rocks of the ore bearing rocks are formed in the tensile tectonic environment. Uranium mineralization is closely related to sodium metasomatism. Conclusions：The Datian uranium deposit was formed in the process of tectonic—hydrothermal，and under the background of Rodinia continental splitting and extension.