Objectives:Applying the basic geological principles and objective geological laws to solve military problems, it are both the core research contents of military geosciences and one of the important means of battlefield environment construction to support winning modern warfare. Compared with the major Western military powerful countries, the military geological work in China relatively started later and lagged behind. How to build our military geological research system to adapt to a new epoch of the strengthened military has been top priority. Methods: From the practice of the military geological survey and military operation study, and relying on the research thinking of the geological environment, this paper presents the research connotation and key technology of the military geological environment based on the enlightenment from the warfare form evolution and the history of the military geological research in U.S. The military geological environment is not only a natural system of geological spatiotemporal evolution background and objective situation environment, but also a method system for analyzing the structural features, spatial variation laws, physical and chemical interfaces and dynamic changing trends of the land battlefield space by geological environment research. The preliminary classification of military geological environment system includes the military operating environment and the geological environment. The research elements consist of the land battlefield space structure, the military geographic environment, the military action environment and timeandspace, present situation and application environment of the geological bodies. Results: Research connotation of the military geological environment is made on the basis of a comprehensive view of one environment system formed by the combination of the military operating environment and the geological environment, it will be helpful to grasp the structural features of the land battlefield space and the background of military geography and military action environment, and to determine the contents of geological demand and the themes of military geological application through the study of the background conditions, physical and chemical status, spatial distribution laws and dynamic change trends of the geological bodies so as to analyze the quality, capacity and feedback ability of the geological environment in certain areas, and to predict the advantages and disadvantages of the geological conditions for military operations. The key technical methods of studying the military geological environment system in the land battlefield are the civilian use geological data conversion, the rapid threedimensional survey, the geological interpretation for remote sensing image and the customized thematic map. Conclusions: It is proposed that the prospect of the current military geological operation research is supposed to predict the future development and change trends and carry out the quality assessment and environmental management of the military operating environment by the geological present situation, to analyze the weak points of the specific geological conditions by the geological objective laws, to infer the geological conditions of the unknown areas and predict the location of the hidden or underground military targets and study the commonness and particularity of the regional geological background through the similarity of the same geological environment, and to solve the zoning characteristics and the comprehensive information expression of the military geological environment of the land battlefield on thematic geological maps, based on a link between the traditional geological generalization model and the modern military thinking.