Sponge city construction is an important measure to implement the construction of ecological civilization, and it is a sustainable urban construction model of rainwater management. It has now become one of the hot topics in many industries and science and technology fields. The core of sponge city construction is urban water security, but we must fully consider the physical properties of the “spongy” bearing body (rock and soil), that is, the difference in geological environment conditions. Therefore, the construction of sponge cities should pay attention to the study of geological environment conditions. Based on the analysis of the influence of geological environmental conditions on the construction of sponge city, the relationship between the construction of sponge city and geological environment in Xuzhou is studied, and the evaluation index system of geological suitability for the construction of sponge city in Xuzhou is established,and then theconditions define the proper construction area, control construction area and infeasible construction area for the sponge city. The research results could provide the geological basis for the construction of the sponge city in Xuzhou.