The impact of global climate change and human activities on ecological environment is a hot issue nowadays. The temporal and spatial distribution of vegetation ecology at Yulin Energy & Chemical Industry Base is analyzed with the NDVI of MODIS data. The relationship between rainfall, physiognomy, groundwater, lithology of aeration zone and vegetation is analyzed. The positive and negative effects of human activity on vegetation ecology were revealed. The study results show that the vegetation ecological pattern is controlled by natural condition, and the horizontal distribution of vegetation ecosystem is obviously. The vegetation becomes worse from southeast to northwest, with the decrease of rainfall and the increase of evaporation. Vegetation coverage improved since AD 2000, with 71.22% of the vegetation becomes better, 0.35% becomes worse and the rest of 28.43 % is unchanged. Vegetation ecology response sensitively to climate change, especially the interannual variability of precipitation human activities, such as coal and groundwater exploitation, have negative impact on the vegetation ecology in general, actualization of grain for green project and forbid grazing policy is the basic reason of the vegetation ecology’s improvement.