The Heilongjiang complex zone like a belt from south to north, which is on the western margin of the Jiamusi massif, exposed to the east of Jiayin—Mudanjiang suture zone. Studies indicate that the Heilongjiang complex zone is mainly formed from the Late Hercynian to Indosinian. Geochemical characteristics suggest a geological background of the oceanic crust subduction and collision of the Jiamusi Massif and the Songnen Block (Songhua River—Nenjiang River Block). Combined with isotope study, paleontological research and geological background of the Jiamusi Massif, this study sums up a formation and evolution model of the Heilongjiang complex, and develops a lithofacies palaeogeography diagram of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian in the Northeast China. This study also concludes that oceanic crust on western margin of the Jiamusi massif subducted NE direction from the Late Carboniferous, while the Jiamusi and Songnen blocks collided along the Jiayin—Mudanjiang suture zone, probably occurred during subduction of the south branch of the PaleoAsian Ocean into the Siberian plate.