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    Abstract:

    The Upper Cretaceous composed of, in ascender order, Linjiazhuang Formation, Xingezhuang Formation and Hongtuya Formation, is developed in Zhucheng basin, eastern Shandong Province. The Xingezhuang Formation is consisted of purple fine grained clastic rocks. The rhythmic deposits of dark purple sandstone and conglomerate make up the Hongtuya Formation, in which a 73.5Ma age was attained by ArAr from basalt in the upper horrizon. Lots of bone fossils of dinosaur were found within the transition from the top Xingezhuang Formation to the lower Hongtuya Formation, which is correlated with the horizon in which Tsintaosaurus and egg fossils were found in Laiyang, 200 km to the south. Based upon detailed studies on lithofacies and sedimentology, a fluvial fan and braided—channel depositional model has been developed for the Late Cretaceous depositions in Zhucheng, eastern Shandong. Using this model, major taphonomic modes of occurrence of vertebrate remains found within the study sequences are readily explicable in terms of the sedimentary context of their host lithofacies. The sequences studied are composed of three main sedimentary facies and corresponding taphonomic lithofacies: (1) mud flow deposits:sandy and muddy conglomerate (T—DF);(2) floodplain deposits including immature paleosols, shalestone and mud with interclations of the braided pebblestone (T—FP); (3) sandy and muddy conglomerate with inclined bedding (T—BRC); Within the detailed study areas vertebrate fossils occur as articulated skeletons, bonebeds and isolated skeletal elements. All of these three major taphonomic occurrence modes are dominantly associated with mud flow and floodplain deposits indicating preferential preservation of vertebrate material at these microfacies. These three taphonomic occurrences are believed to represent the end products of mass deaths of herding ceratopsians of dinosaurus, perhaps by drowning as animals attempted to cross flooded rivers.

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.2010.[J]. Geological Review,56(4):457-468.

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