Foreland basins in China are characterized by enrichment of natural gas due to the existence of coal measures strata source rock. Multi-stage reservoir forming and the accumulation of oil and gas represent the important features of the foreland basins in the middle and western parts of China. Its prevailing geologicalcontrols include their complex tectonic development involving superimposed basins, the development of paleo-tectonics and the formation of multiple hydrocarbon source rock/reservoir combinations. In foreland basins, There are three sets of combinations of reservoir and cap rocks and two pool forming systems in foreland basins including self-source and derived-source, which control the distribution of oil and gas in vertical direction. The different characteristics of structural belts in foreland basin play a controlling role in the distribution of oil and gas. Oil reservoirs in the thrust belts and forebulge are located in the lower reservoir forming system while oil reservoirs in the depression are distributed in the upper reservoir forming system. Oil reservoirs formed before are destroyed and become oil seepages, asphalt or residual oil reservoirs in the piedmont while relatively more matured gas is accumulated in the foreland thrust belt and in the depression. The slope zone and the forebulge belt are the accumulatingareas for the early formed oil/gas and relatively matured gas which formed latter.