The Eldjurti granite massif is sited in the Alpine magmato-tectonic belt inCaucasus, Russia. It is one of the youngest granite massifs in the world. It hasbeen drilled from its top to a depth of hearly 5000m. So it is a good sample tostudy magmatic evolution and rock-forming processes in vertical section. Thiswork discusses the granite formation conditions and magmatic evolution. (1) Eldjurti granite was differentiated into two parts with different petro-chemical properties: the relatively basic and poorly differentiated rock body,located in the upper part of the massif and the more acid, highly differentiatedrock body, located at depths. Such difference shows that the chanacteristics ofelement migration are different in granitic magma: Al, Ca, Na, Mg and Fe go up,while Si and K are concentrated at depths. (2) Crystallization differentiaton leads to depletion of Al, Ca, Na, Mg andFe and concentration of Si and K in residual magma. Becauce of the buoyantuplift of volatiles and plagioclase crystals, petrochemically the Eldjurti granitedisplays layering. In the magma chamber the contents of fluids and elementsare not homogeneous. (3) The crystallization conditions of rock-forming minerals change greatlyin veitical section. In the upper part minerals crystallized under dry and high-temperature conditions, while in the deep part under low-temperature and wetconditions.