纳米比亚罗辛地区矿化白岗岩铀矿物学研究及意义
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1.核工业北京地质研究院;2.中核集团铀资源勘查与评价技术重点实验室

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中核集团自主研发项目—罗辛铀矿及外围资源扩大研究;国家自然科学(编号:42302094)。


Uranium mineralogical research and significance of mineralized leucogranite in Rossing Area, Namibia
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1.Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology;2.Key Laboratory of Uranium Resource Exploration and Evaluation Technology,CNNC

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    摘要:

    罗辛矿床为世界级白岗岩型铀矿床,航放异常显示,罗辛地区存在SJ、SH、SK、Z17、Z19等多个矿(化)带,本次研究发现,各矿(化)带虽都为白岗岩型铀矿床,但不同类型矿化白岗岩矿物组合存在较大差异,岩浆期铀矿物以自形、半自形岩浆结晶原生矿物为主,可划分为三个组合: ①晶质铀矿+锆石+磷灰石组合,主要分布在Z17、Z19、SJ矿床(带);②铀石、铀钍石+榍石+磷灰石组合,主要分布在SH矿床;③贝塔石组合,主要分布在SK、SH矿床。目前罗辛矿床开采的主要为第一种组合。不同矿物组合可能源自矿化白岗岩不同的结晶分异程度。研究区铀成矿可划分为三个期次:岩浆期、热液期(还原)、表生淋积期(氧化)。岩浆期为主成矿期,热液期(还原)相对较弱,形成的铀矿物主要为脉型铀石以及脉型黄铁矿、碳酸盐等;而表生淋积期(氧化)在SH、SJ地区较强,形成铀矿物主要为硅钙铀矿以及赤铁矿等。研究区晶质铀矿电子探针化学年龄为507Ma,与18号带获得的LA-ICP-MS晶质铀矿U-Pb年龄基本一致,表明晶质铀矿化学年龄可以代表矿物结晶年龄,也代表岩浆期成矿年龄,表明研究区可以通过晶质铀矿电子探针化学年龄获得有效矿物结晶年龄。晶质铀矿、铀石等易提炼铀矿物以及贝塔石、榍石等难提炼含铀矿物可为热液作用提供铀源。SH应进一步寻找铀石、铀钍石+榍石+磷灰石组合矿化白岗岩。SH具备寻找热液型铀矿床潜力。

    Abstract:

    The Rossing deposit is a world-class leucogranite -type uranium deposit, with airborne radiometric anomalies indicating the presence of multiple mineralization zones in the Rossing area, including SJ, SH, SK, Z17, Z19, and others. In this study, it was discovered that although all these mineralization zones are leucogranite -type uranium deposits, they exhibit significant differences in the mineral composition of the mineralized leucogranite. Uranium minerals during the magmatic stage in the Rossing deposit are primarily represented by euhedral and subhedral magmatic crystalline primary minerals and can be classified into three combinations:①uraninite + zircon + apatite combination, mainly distributed in the Z17, Z19, and SJ areas;②coffinite,uranothorite +sphene+ apatite combination, mainly found in the SH area;③Betafite combination, mainly distributed in the SK and SH areas. Currently, the main mining focus in the Rossing deposit is on the first combination. The different mineral combinations may originate from variations in the crystallization differentiation degree of the mineralized leucogranite. The uranium mineralization in the study area can be divided into three stages: magmatic stage, hydrothermal stage (reducing conditions), and epigenetic leaching stage (oxidizing conditions). The magmatic stage is the primary ore-forming stage, the hydrothermal stage (reducing conditions) is relatively weak, the predominant uranium minerals formed are vein-type uraninite, as well as vein-type pyrite and carbonates. while the epigenetic leaching stage (oxidizing conditions) is stronger in the SH and SJ areas, the main uranium minerals formed are uranophaneSand hematite. The electron probe chemical age of uraninite in the study area is 507 Ma, which is basically consistent with the LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age of uraninite obtained from Zone 18. This indicates that the chemical age of uraninite can represent both mineral crystallization age and magmatic mineralization age, indicating that the effective mineral crystallization age can be obtained from the electron probe chemical age of uraninite in the study area. Uraninite, coffinite, and easily extractable uranium minerals, as well as betafite and sphene, which contain uranium but are difficult to extract, can provide a uranium source for hydrothermal processes. In the SH area, further exploration should focus on finding coffinite,uranothorite +sphene+ apatite combination in mineralized leucogranite. SH area have the potential for exploring hydrothermal-type uranium deposits.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-17
  • 最后修改日期:2024-01-14
  • 录用日期:2024-03-23
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