High organic matter content constitutes the fundamental basis for the fine-grained sedimentary rocks enrichment of organic matter in lacustrine basins. The enrichment of organic matter presents characteristics of layering and zonation, and exhibits a pronounced spatial heterogeneity. This poses challenges for subsequent exploration of lacustrine shale oil, deepening the shale oil accumulation mechanism, reducing development costs, and enhancing efficiency. Key scientific issues regarding the enrichment mechanism and heterogeneous distribution of organic matter in lacustrine reservoirs of shale oil and gas still await clarification and elaboration. We, through a review of the sources, sedimentation, and burial processes of organic matter, have identified that the complexity of the sedimentation and accumulation processes of organic matter is mainly controlled by the diversity of organic matter types. The entire process involves complex biochemical and electrochemical reactions. Moreover, by considering paleoclimate factors, paleo-medium factors, and paleogeographic factors, the corresponding influences of the paleo-geological environment on the production, decomposition, preservation, and dilution of organic matter have been clarified. Finally, according to the geological characteristics of China's continental petroliferous basins, three kinds of organic matter enrichment models of fine grained sedimentary rocks in lacustrine basins are divided and summarized: salt water depression type is "productivity" model, salt water fault depression type is "mixing" model and fresh water depression type is "preservation" model.