In 1934, the Ministry of Industry of the National Government and the Ministry of Education jointly with the national geological survey and research institution, successfully held the first large- scale national mining and metallurgy geology joint exhibition in modern China in Tianjin National Peiyang Institute of Technology, for the purpose of observing and discussing, spreading new knowledge and revitalizing industry. The first mining and metallurgy exhibition with various treasures and talents and big momentum, had attracted wide attention from people of all walks of life, and was of great benefit to the people in promoting intellectual knowledge, academic contention, scientific and technological progress and industrial revitalization. Based on the original documents and materials such as archives and newspapers, this paper systematically investigated the origin, preparation process, exhibition pomp and social impact of the first mining exhibition, and deeply explored the important position of mining and metallurgy exhibition in modern China's social propaganda and mobilization, ideological enlightenment and patriotic education, saving the country by mining industry and the cherished wish of national prosperity and people.