At the beginning of the Republic of China, with the emergence of China's geological cause, the collection and management of geological books was also gradually carried out. The library of the Geological Survey Institute of the Ministry of agriculture and commerce is the earliest geological professional library in China, which has left valuable wealth for future generations and made important contributions to promoting the development of geological science research and geological survey in China. Based on the relevant historical materials, this paper explores the beginning and end of its establishment, inherits the scientific spirit of geological pioneers, and encourages the library to continue to play a good role in document service guarantee for the development of geological undertakings in the new era.