Uranium is an important energy raw material in the world and an important strategic resource for national development. With the rapid development of China’s nuclear power industry, the world’s natural uranium supply and demand pattern will change dramatically. In order to ensure the long-term and stable supply of natural uranium in China,based on the latest data released by the anthority, this paper describes the distribution and production status of uranium resources in the world, the development status and trend of nuclear power in the world and China, and analyzes the current and future situation of natural uranium supply and demand in the world. Right now, the world uranium resources can guarantee long-term nuclear industry development needs, but the resources and production are unable to meet the demand of the current deomestic nuclear power development in China. With the rapid development of China’s nuclear power, China need to rely on foreign uranium resources and international uranium market to supplement, and the world natural uranium supply and demand situation will also change . In order to ensure the long-term and stable supply of natural uranium , on the one hand, it is need to strengthen domestic uranium resources survey and development, to implement the strategy of “going out” on the other hand, Enhance China’s position in the allocation of uranium resources in the world and ensure the sustainable development of nuclear power in China.