Elements are another important archives for the studying of climate change in addition to carbon and oxygen stable isotopes in speleothems. The dissolution, transport and precipitation processes of elements are affected by changes of climate, resulting in changes in the elements in drip water and speleothems. In this literature, the climatic indication significance of elements in drip and stalagmites is discussed from the perspective of the "Dual- Structure" on karst areas and extreme events, based on the factors affecting the variations of elements and elemental ratios of caves, including Sources, Resident time, Water—Rock Interaction, Differential leaching, Prior Carbonate Precipitation and Distribution Coefficient. The following recognition has been gained: ① the scourer and dissolution brought by heavy precipitation will promote the rapid dissolution and transport of elements in colloids and natural organic matter (NOM: Natural Organic Matter) and soil and bedrock in a short time, so that the increase of element content; however, the dilution effect produces the opposite effect; ② the difference of element dissolution and deposition in bedrock and/or solution leads to the relative variations of content, which makes the synchronous of element X/Ca ratios to the environment, especially the increase of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios because of the decrease of precipitation leads to the enhanced PCP. But there are still some problems: ① the response of element variations to heavy precipitation event is not obvious, and may be related to the little differences between the proportion of element dissolve and the mixing of fresh and old water; ② the variations of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios provide insights into "rainfall effect" and "source effect" of the δ18O, but whether or not they could reflect monsoon intensity remains to be further studied. Based on the above, this literature proposes to carry out more systematic monitoring of atmospheric—soil—vadose zone—cave, higher- resolution and longer- scale cave monitoring and multi- regional, multi- cave system comparative study to more in- depth study of elements.