Abstract:With national energy structure adjustment under carbon neutrality and emission peak settings as well as ecological civilization construction requirements, considering from national main energy security and coal resources exploration, this paper expounds coal resources distribution characteristics and exploration, exploitation status quo.Based on the basic principles of intensive and coordinated development, reform and innovative development, and green and clean development, this paper describes the distribution characteristics of coal resources in China and the present situation of exploration and development. Based on the basic principles of intensive and coordinated development, reform and innovative development, and green and clean development. This paper analyzes the targets of coal resources exploration in the new period, including strengthening the exploration of large coal base resources, promoting the increase of coalbed methane reserves and accelerating the exploration of coal measure mineral resources. From the aspects of resource endowment, development intensity, market location, environmental capacity and transportation channels, the paper expounds the development layout direction and construction scale of 14 large coal bases, in addition, accelerating the development and utilization of coalbed methane .The research results have important guiding significance for the exploration and development of coal resources and the high-quality development of coal industry in the future.