西藏新生代裂谷系成因的探讨
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本文为国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号: 41574111)的成果。


A study on origin of Cenozoic rifts in Qinghai—Xizang(Tibetan) Plateau
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    摘要:

    通过区域重力场的三维密度扰动成像和地震层析成像研究,我们确定西藏新生代裂谷系反映为上中地壳低密度带,延深可达到42km;同时,青藏高原下地壳也有低密度和低地震波速的物质蠕动流。和东非大裂谷等其它裂谷带不同,西藏新生代裂谷通常是多条平行裂谷组成的裂谷系,它的形成机制也是特殊的,可称为陆—陆俯冲型裂谷系。印度板块的陆—陆俯冲造成的正交方向拉张与西藏新生代裂谷系形成密切相关。地震变形空白区和陆—陆俯冲型裂谷带空间分布之间有一定的对应关系,即裂谷带的源头指向地震变形空白区。陆—陆俯冲型裂谷系的发育过程可分为以下四个环节:(1)陆—陆俯冲造成前沿带的地壳破裂和地震;(2)地震变形空白区地应力集中;(3)挤压地应力向俯冲带前方发散并且转化为張应力,造成前沿带正交方向的地壳破裂和地震;(4)大地震后应力释放,产生的回跳继续使地壳变形,每一次地震都促使裂谷的进一步发育。青藏高原的下地壳物质蠕动流对中上地壳产生的底辟作用,也促进了西藏新生代裂谷系的形成。地壳拆离面前端上中地壳的成倍加厚使温度升高,造成下地壳流向上挤出,从而使上中地壳張裂。特提斯大洋板块俯冲下去的残块在软流圈下沉也使软流圈上涌,也导致下地壳物质蠕动和西藏新生代裂谷系的形成。

    Abstract:

    By using gravity and seismic investigation data collected from the Qinghai—Xizang(Tibetan) Plateau, we obtain 3D crustal density disturbance and seismic tomography images. The density imaging results show that the Cenozoic rifts located in Xizang extend to bottom of the middle crust,about 42km. Low density and seismic velocity anomalies also occur in the lower crust, indicating the lower crust creeping flow. Different from other well- known continental rift zones such as the East Africa and Baykal, The Xizang Cenozoic rifts contains several parallel rifts that have special origins related to the continental- to- continental subduction, can be called the continental subduction type of the rifts. The subduction makes both crustal orthogonal compressional and extensional zones, and some deformation gaps, which become the original concentration space of underground stress to develop the rift. The formation process of the rift system contains the following steps. (1) The continental subduction causes crustal faulting and earthquakes; (2) stress concentration around the deformation gaps; (3) the compressional stress diverges ahead along the subduction direction and turns to orthogonal extensional zones, resulting in crustal faulting and earthquakes along the rifts; and (4) crustal rebound and deformation after every earthquake event, expanding the rifts. The lower- crust flows also have some effect on the rifting, as the creep deformation of the flow may make diapiric intrusion upward. The diaper process produces extensional stress to middle and upper crust, contributing to the growth of the continental subduction type of rifts. In addition, subside of remaining plate of the Tethys Ocean in Tibet asthenosphere has induced upwelling of hot mass in deep, resulting in mass creeps in the crust and formation of the rift system.

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杨文采,江金生,瞿辰,侯遵泽,任浩然,于常青.2019.西藏新生代裂谷系成因的探讨[J].地质论评,65(2):267-279,[DOI].
YANG Wencai, JIANG Jinshen, QU Chen, Hou Zunze, REN Haoran, YU Changqing.2019. A study on origin of Cenozoic rifts in Qinghai—Xizang(Tibetan) Plateau[J]. Geological Review,65(2):267-279.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-11-20
  • 最后修改日期:2019-01-27
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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-03-15
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