Based on reconstruction of paleoplate and basin previous exploration data, and combining with current researches, tectonic evolution and petroleum system of Mangyshlak baisn are classified. late Carboniferous to the early Permian time convergence of surrounding Paleoplates (Siberia, Kazakhstan and Tarim) of Turan platform leads to the granite intrusion, and Paleozoic metamorphic rocks and Permian intrusive rocks composed heterogeneous fold basement of the basin. The Late Permian to Early Triassic active subduction of PaleoTethys Ocean determines the later sedimentary pattern in the basin. Basin mainly developed by the Permian—Late Triassic rifting stage, Early Jurassic—Eocene rift—depression stage and Oligocene—Pleistocene extrusion deformation stage. Middle—Late Triassic transitional mudstone and Early—Middle Jurassic transitional black mudstone are primary source rocks of the basin, Reservoirs consist of Triassic carbonate rocks (including tuff) and fine sandstone and siltstone of lower Jurassic and lower cretaceous. Triassic volcanic mudstone and mudstones—marlstone of the upper Jurassic is a major regional cap. Basin mainly develops anticline traps and fault block traps. Crude oil along the unconformity surface or along faults vertical migration in Triassic strata，and along the faults vertical migration in Jurassic strata in Zhetybay—Uzen bench. Weaker distance effect of Plate collision and well condition of reservoir are main conditions of crude oil preservation. By observing the direction of granite weathering crust reservoir well profile that, granite rock mass continuity in the direction of the NW— SE well developed，and same direction of Permian granite intrusion belt, that means can be used as direction of exploration in the future. This is of great theoretical and practical significance for the development of conventional and unconventional oil and gas exploration in the Caspian sea region and the energy security under the background of One Belt And One Road policy.