Objectives: The shale gas is the important new resources in the global, and its development growing all over the world. Therefore, it is important issue on the destruction of groundwater reservoirs during exploring the process of hydraulic fracturing in extracting shale gas, and the various chemicals used in fracturing fluids might pollute the groundwater. Hence, it’s necessary to study this issue, so as to formulate strategies to protect the groundwater. Methods:There are 10.48 trillion cubic meters shale gas in Guizhou Province, according to the national potential assessment of shale gas resources in 2011. The shale gas resources in the Cambrian Niutitang Formation shale and Carboniferous Dawuba Formation shale in Guizhou Province are abundant. We analyze damaging effects of groundwater reservoirs during exploring the process of hydraulic fracturing in extracting shale gas, by studying on strata set, lithological characteristics, geochemistry and reservoir characteristics of Niutitang Formation and Dawuba Formation shales. Additionally, we done shale immersion test by fracturing fluid. Results:Based on the field investigation and lab tests, the main progresses of the thesis are as follows: ①The result shows that the mass concentration of the element in fracturing fluid rise with time and temperature, especially significant leaching of elements such as As, Cd, Pb, Se, Co, Ba, which will have enormous effect on environment. ②Owing to aquifer and aquifuge destroyed by the extraction of shale gas, the groundwater pollution model was established. ③The risk of environmental contamination for flowback fracturing fluid analyzed in the paper. Conclusions: The groundwater pollution model was established, owing to aquifer and aquifuge destroyed by the extraction of shale gas, and the risk of environmental contamination for flowback fracturing fluid analyzed in the paper.