新疆乌伦古湖冰滑痕特征及其形成机理
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本文为国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:41172106、41302096)的成果。


Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Ice Slide Structures on the Coast of Ulungur Lake, Xinjiang
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    摘要:

    新疆乌伦古湖滨湖地区发育一种特殊的冰滑痕。冰滑痕长度可达数十米,宽度可达1~5 m。冰滑痕的形态类似于推土机推过的痕迹,其基本形态由头部、侧翼和滑动面三部分构成。头部发育丘形沙堆,侧翼发育线状沙脊,滑动面总体平整,局部发育冰融沙锥、冰融水滴坑、工具痕、冰融痕、次级滑痕等伴生沉积构造。冰滑痕是湖冰破碎后向岸漂移并在岸上滑移形成的。冰滑痕的形态和规模受湖面风力、湖冰的厚度、湖冰的动能、冰块的大小、冰块底部的光滑程度、湖岸的地形和坡度、湖滩沉积物的粒度和成分构成等多种因素的综合影响。冰滑痕的形成经历了:① 湖冰破裂阶段;②浮冰向浅水区运动开始接触湖底阶段;③水下冰滑痕形成阶段;④陆上冰滑痕形成阶段;⑤冰融阶段等5个阶段。冰滑痕主要出现在乌伦古湖的水下滨湖带、冰坝堆积带、湖冰活动带和湖冰影响带等四个微相带。冰滑痕形成后接受湖泊波浪和陆地风的改造并逐渐被埋藏保存到地层记录中。乌伦古湖的冰滑痕是在特殊的气候背景和天气条件下形成的,因而既具有重要的古气候指示意义,又具有重要的古湖泊沉积环境指示意义。

    Abstract:

    Sedimentary structures have been playing an important role in indicating sedimentary environment and distinguishing sedimentary facies. Many scholars have carried out much work on the sedimentary structures induced by flow, wind, wave and tide, but few on ice structures developed during the progress of ice freezing and melting. In this paper, a special lacustrine shore ice slid structures have been studied for the first time, which are developed in a special weather condition and climatic background of Ulungur lake along the shore of Ulungur lake, Xinjiang. It can certainly be a useful tool for inferring climatic and environmental conditions.Methods:Based on a great amount of domestic and broad references and modern sedimentary study on the shore of Ulungur lake, we give the sedimentary characteristics of ice slid structure and its sedimentary microfacies in this paper. We also give the evolution stage of ice slid structure and the controlling factors in the formation process.Results:These ice slid sedimentary structures are approximately given a length of 10 m or more and width of 1~5 m. Just like the bulldozed sand, they were formed with three parts including head, side ridges and slid surface. A transversal sand dune was formed at the head and two parallel sand ridges at the boundary of the smoothly slide surface. 6 types of iceinduced physical sedimentary structures can be observed on the slid surface, which respectively are the molten sand ridge, melted ice mark, molten sand cone, molten water drop pit, icecarried tool mark and root flora. Ice slide structures are generated by floating ice when the ice was moving backward from the lake and then obduct onto the beach of the lake. Their geometry and scale are influenced by many factors, like strength of the wind, thickness of the ice, kinetic energy, scale of the iceraft, gradient of the beach, grain size, composition of the surficial sediments on the beach and the shore, etc. Forming processes of ice slid structures can be devided into 5 stages, including: ①lake ice breakingup stage; ②ice floating stage; ③underwater slid stage; ④outwater slid stage; ⑤iceout stage. Conclusions:Ice slid structures appear mainly in the subwater zone, the ice dammed zone, the ice active zone and the back ice zone of Ulungur Lake. They can be reconstructed by lake wave and the wind on land later, and then buried and preserved in the strata.

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张昌民,王绪龙,尹太举,朱锐,瞿建华,郭旭东,孙平.2017.新疆乌伦古湖冰滑痕特征及其形成机理[J].地质论评,63(1):35-49,[DOI].
ZHANG Changmin, WANG Xulong, YIN Taiju, ZHU Rui, QU Jianhua, GUO Xudong, SUN Ping.2017. Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Ice Slide Structures on the Coast of Ulungur Lake, Xinjiang[J]. Geological Review,63(1):35-49.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-08-25
  • 最后修改日期:2016-08-02
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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-01-20
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