Central and southern Africa is one of the regions with the richest diamond ore resources in the world. The diamond deposits predominantly occur in the Zimbabwe craton and Kaapvaal craton, there are two types: (1) the primary diamond deposits; (2) the secondary diamond deposits, the first type is highly studied and represents the status of central and southern Africa. Through summarizing the previous studies, this paper finds that the kimberlites of this area can be divided into two types: Ⅰ type and Ⅱ type, its enclaves include the peridotitic type and the eclogitic type. the diamonds have three types: the peridotitic type, the eclogitic type and the websteritic type wich is the transitional type of the former two. Among them, the peridotitic type and part of the eclogitic type diamonds derive from mantle cumulates, the rest of the eclogitic type diamonds have relations with a tectono thermal event which is plate subduction. The ages of the kimberlites are mainly Cretaceous, Permian, Cambrian and Proterozoic, but the ages of the diamonds are mainly Proterozoic and Archaean, therefore they generated at different times, the diamonds are the fragments of the upper mantle and taken by the kimberlites when they instrude and emplacement. The diamonds whose ages are 900~1000 Ma are the productions of a tectono thermal event, this event changed and destroyed the former diamonds. The secondary diamond deposites which have four types are the weathering products of the primary diamond deposits, structural characteristics, bedrock geology and geomorphic evolution and so on have an important influence for the distribution of them.