甘肃金塔南山河流阶地褶皱变形分析
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本文为国家自然科学基金重大研究计划——重点支持项目(编号 91125008);国家自然科学基金项目(编号 41471009)的成果。


Deformation Analysis of Fluvial Terrace in Jinta nanshan Mountains, Gansu Province
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    摘要:

    金塔南山的抬升变形主要受到青藏高原向北推挤的影响,其构造活动的几何学和运动学特征包含了高原北缘扩展的重要信息。金塔南山山顶普遍覆盖一层砾石,砾石层胶结弱,砾石磨圆度、分选性均较好,岩性组成以砂岩、石英砂岩和硅质砂岩为主。砾石层顶面连续,区域上与黑河第二级阶地(T2)对应。根据其组成和展布特征,笔者认为金塔南山地貌面与黑河第二级阶地为同一时期的产物。笔者对展布于金塔南山上及其周边的阶地高程进行了差分GPS测量,并对基岩地层产状进行了测量,结果显示阶地面发生了明显的褶皱变形。通过阶地面变形特征和下伏岩层产状分析,得到金塔南山褶皱主要以翼旋转的方式活动,形成了前翼陡倾而后翼宽缓且核部平坦的几何特征。依据T2阶地面的变形特征,初步建立了金塔南山下伏铲式逆冲断裂相关褶皱的几何学模型。根据几何学关系计算得到断裂上升盘自黑河第二级阶地形成以来产生了约200 m的垂直抬升量和143~190 m的水平缩短量,中更新世以来断裂的平均滑动速率为118±016 mm/a。由于深部断裂的逆冲作用,金塔南山主要以背斜方式发生抬升变形,断裂可延伸到地表16 km以下。通过对比分析金塔南山地区的构造,笔者认为褶皱的形成为阿拉善地块与柴达木—祁连块体相互挤压下金塔南山北缘断裂活动的结果。金塔南山在中更新世开始的抬升反映了青藏高原东北部扩展的最新过程。

    Abstract:

    The uplift and deformation of Jinta’nanshan Mountains is generally attributed to the northward pushing effect of the Xizang(Tibetan) Plateau. The characteristics of the tectonic mechanism in this active area therefore provide a valuable insight into the northward extension of the Xizang(Tibetan) Plateau. According to field observation, a well preserved gravel layer was accumulated on the top surface of Jinta’nanshan Mountains, presenting weak consolidation, well psephicity and sorted. Their lithological composition mainly consists of sandstone, quartz sandstone, and siliceous sandstone. The surface level of this gravel layer can be tracked for a long distance, and correlated with the terrace T2 along the Heihe River, based on their lithological composition and special distribution. The field measurements of terrace elevation were performed using a differential GPS system. These results combined with the analysis for the attitude of underlying stratum, indicate that the terrace level was folded obviously and in the form of limb rotation. The geometrical characteristics of this fold deformation along the terrace T2 are characterized by tilted forelimb, gentle back limb with broad core. On the basis of the deformational analysis for the terrace T2, a preliminary model was constructed to evaluate and calculate this fold deformation and correlated fault systems. These results suggest that the uplift and the shortening occurring on the hanging wall of this fault, after the formation of terrace T2, are 200 m and 143~190 m, respectively. A averaged sliding rate of 1.18±0.16 mm/a along the listric fault is further calculated since the middle Pleistocene. Owning to the deep thrust fault, Jinta Nanshan has been deformed in the form of fold, and resultant faults can extend a depth of ca. 16 km into subsurface. Based on the tectonic analysis in the region, the fold deformation along the terrace T2 are probably associated with the faults, which were formed by collision between Alashan and Qaidam—Qilian block in the north margin of Jinta’nanshan Mountains. The uplift of Jinta’nanshan Mountains since the middle Pleistocene maybe represents the current process of northeastward extension of the Xizang(Tibetan) Plateau.

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温振玲,胡小飞,潘保田,卢耀洋,曹喜林,张建.2015.甘肃金塔南山河流阶地褶皱变形分析[J].地质论评,61(5):1032-1046,[DOI].
WEN Zhenling, HU Xiaofei, PAN Baotian, LU Yaoyang, CAO Xilin, ZHANG Jian.2015. Deformation Analysis of Fluvial Terrace in Jinta nanshan Mountains, Gansu Province[J]. Geological Review,61(5):1032-1046.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-12-24
  • 最后修改日期:2015-06-19
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  • 在线发布日期: 2015-09-17
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