Based on the geological surveys of Caledonian sediments, comparison of horizontal profiles and palaeogeographical mapping in southeastern Hunan and western Jiangxi area, five types of sedimentary facies were found in the study region, which were carbonate shelf facies, mixed continental shelf facies, glaciomarine facies, undercompensation silicalite—shale basin facies and turbidite basin facies. The comparison of horizontal profiles showed that in study region, the Caledonian sediments were normal continuous sedimentary sequence from west to east, while horizontally, a variety of facies were crossed and mutually transitional. Lithofacies study showed that two facies belts were mainly developed in southeastern Hunan and western Jiangxi. They were silicalite—shale basin facies and turbidite basin facies. There were slightly differences in development scale between the two facies belts. A crossed transitional belt was often developed in the connecting part of the two facies belts. We believe that the sedimentary facies is transitional in this area, which will play an important role in discussing the attribution of south-China sea in Caledonian period.