从地壳上地幔构造看大陆碰撞作用(下)
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本文由国家自然科学基金委员会和中国科学院“板块构造与大陆动力学”学科发展战略项目资助。


Continental Collision Process Reveled by Worldwide Comparison of Crust and Upper Mantle Structures (II)
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    摘要:

    本篇讨论陆-岛碰撞、地体拼合和复理石建造等大地构造作用。根据碰撞陆块的尺度可将大陆碰撞分为陆-陆碰撞、陆-岛碰撞和岛-岛碰撞三种不同级别。大陆碰撞的强度与碰撞陆块边缘的形状有关。在陆块边缘的凸出部碰撞最为剧烈,形成岩石圈变形极为剧烈的碰撞造山带。在小陆块两侧或凹入部碰撞不易发生,形成沉积巨厚的复理石建造。如果多个陆块在会聚时相对运动速度不大,碰撞不大剧烈,这种碰撞称为地体拼合. 地体拼合属于岩石圈挤压力较小而作用期较长的造陆作用,以蒙古-鄂霍次克带为代表,洋陆转换带岩石圈大部分成为增生的大陆。地体拼合过程分以下4个阶段:1, 双向俯冲形成岛弧;2, 洋-岛俯冲扩展洋陆转换带;3, 幔源岩浆底侵,洋陆转换带岩石圈向大陆岩石圈演化;4, 地体拼合造陆,大陆增生。大陆碰撞发生时不发生碰撞的部位板块会聚产物具复理石建造特征。复理石盆地是被洋壳俯冲推挤成陆的显生宙洋陆转换区,以巨厚深水浊流沉积及等深流沉积为特征。大陆岩石圈碰撞作用分为以下五类:裙边碰撞,裸碰撞、弱碰撞、无碰撞和碰撞走滑,碰撞的特征参数各不相同,其中只有裸碰撞在力学上属于弹性碰撞。

    Abstract:

    This paper continues to review collision processes, focusing on continent-island collision, terrain amalgamation, and flysch basin formation. Based on scales of collision plates, continental collision process can be divided to three grades: the continent-to-continental, the continental-to-island, and the island-to-island. The collision intensity depends on boundary shapes of involved collision plates. Intensive collision occurs at protruding parts of the blocks, producing collision orogeny; while only slight collision can occur at invaginat parts of the blocks, resulting in flysch basins. If the relative movement velocity is not large, less intensive collision occurs between the blocks, then the collision can act as the terrain amalgamation that correlates to low-grade compression but long-action-period lithospheric stress, represented by the Mongolia-Okhotsk collision belt. The terrain amalgamation process contain four stages as follows: 1, Two-way subduction creating island arcs; 2, ocean-island subduction and expansion of ocean-continent transition zones; 3, mantle-origin magma underplating; 4, terrane matching and lifting onto sea-level. Plate convergence without collision turns original marginal seas into flysch basins that are characterized by thick and folded deep-sea sediments. In summary, the continental collision processes can be divided into five types with different collision parameters. They are skirt-plate collision, nude-plate collision, week collision or terrain amalgamation, non-collision or flysch basin formations, and collision sliding, among them only the nude-plate collision physically belongs to elastic collision.

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杨文采,于常青.2014.从地壳上地幔构造看大陆碰撞作用(下)[J].地质论评,60(3):486-502,[DOI].
.2014. Continental Collision Process Reveled by Worldwide Comparison of Crust and Upper Mantle Structures (II)[J]. Geological Review,60(3):486-502.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-09-03
  • 最后修改日期:2013-03-28
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-05-19
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