崂山花岗岩山脊壶穴的特征及成因探讨
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Characteristics and Origin of Granite Hilltop Potholes in Mount Laoshan
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    摘要:

    关于中国北方地区花岗岩山脊壶穴(有报刊称之为冰臼、冰川壶穴、A型风化穴、岩臼、锅穴、坑穴等)的争论一直不断,通过对青岛崂山花岗岩山脊壶穴的形态及分布特征的实地仔细观察和分析研究发现,青岛崂山花岗岩山脊壶穴同其他北方地区花岗岩山脊壶穴一样,具有口小、肚大、底平、内有水平纹理的特征。山脊壶穴有一出水口,以出水口水平面为界,以上为 “口小”的部分即本文称之为壶檐,以下即“肚大”的部分为壶穴的主体。根据山脊壶穴的这些特征认为,崂山花岗岩山脊壶穴是由于壶穴内冬季水面的结冰对壶穴内壁的冰蚀作用所形成的,每年冬季在不同的水位结冰,便在壶穴内不同的部位产生冰蚀,由于壶穴内最高水位与出水口持平,故其上部分不发生冰蚀,便形成壶檐即“口小”,其下部分不断被冰蚀扩大便形成“肚大”的特征。同时,崂山花岗岩山脊壶穴的生长发育必须满足这样的条件:位于山顶部位,没有外来流水、沉积物及生物枝叶等落入壶内。本文用冰蚀作用解释了崂山花岗岩山脊壶穴的基本特征,对花岗岩山脊壶穴发育过程进行了探讨,并指出崂山花岗岩山脊壶穴的产生—发育—消亡是现代花岗岩冰蚀作用的产物,而且这种过程目前仍在进行中,与第四纪冰川无关。

    Abstract:

    An argument about granite hilltop potholes in north part of China has continued for a long time, based on detail observation on morphological feature and distribution of granite hilltop potholes, as granite hilltop potholes in other places in north part of China, hilltop potholes in Mount Laoshan also have a characteristics of a smaller mouth, bigger belly and flat bottom. Potholes have a water outlet, apart above the level of water outlet is the part of smaller mouth, the other part below the level of the water outlet is main part of pothole, this part really is bigger belly. According to these characteristics of potholes, it is recognized that pothole was formed and developed by ice erosion on inner wall of pothole by ice in winter. Because no ice above the level of water outlet in pothole , there is no ice erosion, brim of pothole is formed. below the level of water outlet in pothole, there is continuously eroded by ice in winter, the bigger belly is formed. Meanwhile, growth of granite hilltop potholes must satisfy the following conditions: positioning on top of mountain, no sediment and water except rainwater can fall in hilltop potholes. With ice erosion an explanation of characteristics and origin of Laoshan granite hilltop potholes is given. It is recognized that form—growth—destroy of Laoshan granite hilltop potholes is the result of modern ice erosion. It is proceeding now, no relationship with quaternary glaciation.

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朱银奎.2014.崂山花岗岩山脊壶穴的特征及成因探讨[J].地质论评,60(2):397-408,[DOI].
.2014. Characteristics and Origin of Granite Hilltop Potholes in Mount Laoshan[J]. Geological Review,60(2):397-408.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-04-28
  • 最后修改日期:2013-12-10
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-03-18
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