流体孔隙剪切变形与岩石圈层状运动机理
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Fluid Pore Shearing Strain and the Mechanism  of Layered Lithosphere Motion
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    摘要:

    在岩石圈层状滑移系统中,如大陆地壳俯冲叠置构造、逆冲推覆断层、拆离断层、滑坡等系统,近于水平的断裂带上存在许多有一定压力的流体孔隙。如果这些流体孔隙是密闭的,便可看成液压千斤顶的液缸。那么,断层面以上滑移体的重量ST 不仅被断裂带上的固体支撑,也受孔隙液体举托力Ff支撑。设Ff与ST之比为R,那么R就是一个描述滑移体滑移运动难易程度的重要参数。R值越大,滑移体越容易被移动(推动)。而岩石圈中层状滑移系统滑脱面的剪切变形可以显著地改变该参数的大小,从而对层状滑移运动产生深刻的影响。设剪切面上孔隙流体平均压强初始值为P0,剪切角为α,剪切变形后的平均压强为P(α),R(α)—α间存在下式的函数关系: R(α)=R0P(α)P0cosα (1) 由此可见,R(α)与P(α)正相关,与剪切角α也正相关。R(α)与剪切角α的函数关系目前还难以给出,但剪切过程中,流体孔隙压强保持不变的恒压过程是常见的,即P(α)= P0。将该等式代入上式(1),即可获得下式: R(α)=R0cosα, [P(α)=P0,即恒压过程] (2) 由此作出恒压剪切过程的R(α)—α图解。从而发现,恒压剪切过程中,只要滑脱面上密闭流体孔隙存在初始压强,即R0>0,那么, R(α)随α增长,当剪切角α达到一定程度,R(α)迅速超过1;且R0越大,实现R(α)>1所需的α值越小;反之,所需的α值越大。由此证明,密闭流体孔隙经过恒压剪切变形,导致R(α)>1的基本规律。非恒压过程总体规律不变。R(α)>1意味着层状滑移体完全被孔隙流体的浮托力支持。从而揭示岩石圈俯冲—推覆体及拆离机理和滑坡爆发的可能机制。

    Abstract:

    In a layered lithosphere slipping system, there are many pores filled of fluid with a certain pressure. Suppose the floating force caused by the pore fluid pressure in the slipping plane is Ff, the loading weight of bedding slipping block is ST , then a new index of R ,the ratio of Ff to ST , can be given, that is very important to describe the slipping motion of the layered lithosphere being easy or difficult. Actually, shear strain of the lithosphere can outstandingly change its value. In this paper the author try to inference a dynamic equation describing the relationship between R and the shear angle (α) as the follow formula: R(α)=R0P(α)P0cosα (1) R(α)=R0cosα,\[P(α)=P0,constant pressure\] (2) According above formula(1), R(α) is positive correlation with P(α), and also is positive correlation with shear angle α. It is difficult to give the formula of describing the relationship between R(α) and α, but the pore fluid keeping its pressure to be a constant is common case in the shearing process, that is P(α)= P0. P0 replaces P(α) of above formula(1), the above formula(2) can be gotten, and then R(α)—α diagram of constant pressure shearing process can be drawn, in which the law can be discovered as follow: in a constant pressure shear strain process, when R0>0, R(α) increase with α; as shear angle α increasing at a certain value, R(α) exceed 1 rapidly; and the move R0 is, the less the α is for R(α)>1; otherwise, the more the α is. R(α)>1 means the bedding slipping block is totally supported by pore fluid pressure. This law reveals a possible outbreaking mechanism of subduction—thrust nappe or detachment structure or landslide in lithosphere.

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张永北,毕华,余龙师,孙世华,邱家骧,王人镜.2012.流体孔隙剪切变形与岩石圈层状运动机理[J].地质论评,58(5):801-808,[DOI].
.2012. Fluid Pore Shearing Strain and the Mechanism  of Layered Lithosphere Motion[J]. Geological Review,58(5):801-808.

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