Pegmatite is a special type of igneous rock. The eastern Qinling belt is one of the important granitic pegmatite distributions region and rare metal metallogenic provinces, where extensively crop out granitic pegmatite with different types and formed four pegmatite concentration zones. The studies on petrochemsitry, REE distribution patterns and oxygen isotopic compositions show that granite and pegmatite in the eastern Qinling belt possess the same or similar characteristics. And the coarse minerals indicate that pegmatite enrich fugitive constituent and be formed in deep crust under relatively enclosed conditions. Then it is deduced that pegmatite records the geologic processes in deep crust and is a signal of relatively deep regional erosion. Different types of pegmatite show typical horizontal zonation in composition, texture and metallogenesis, which reflects the tranmagmatic fluid metallogenesis. Based on those, it is suggested that the pegmatite and granite in the eastern Qinling belt are derived the differentiation and evolution of the same granitic magma source under the influence of Caledonian period plate subduction and collision in main stage of the Qinling orogeny. As a whole, the eastern Qinling belt is the potential metalogenic province of rare metal, U and some precious stone resources of granitic pegmatite type, because of the characteristics of grantic pegmatite with large distribution area, extensive type, intensive differentiation and evolution, and mineralization in the eastern Qinling belt.