Based on karst hydrogeological investigation，there are many underground rivers and caves developed in the synclinal axis, and some are developed along largescale compressive fault zone in Puding county, Guizhou province, their trend agrees with synclinal axis and compressive fault. Their mechanism of compressive Structure′s control on the karst development had been explored in this paper. Under the action of tectonic stress field, the distortion of rock bed gradually increased, and then the syncline formed, meanwhile, due to local stress of the synclinal axis, the upper rock bed of the syncline continued to be compressive, and the lower rock bed of the syncline turned to be tensile, and the radial tensile cracks formed. At the largescale compressive fault, such as thrust fault, the fault zone were mightily compressed and cracked, and obstructed water. Because of the towed fold of compressive fault, the tensile cracks of hanging block were developed. This kind of the tensile cracks were beneficial to the occurrence and flow of groundwater and karst development. It gives great impetus to the knowledge of geological structure controlling karst development.