Formation and evolution of rockmass and its structure, which is basic problems studied in engineering geology, are all controlled by tectonization. Tectonic analysis is key to comprehend rock mass structure and to generalize engineering geological model of rock mass. Therefore, advances of theory and methodology of modern structure geology must be of significance to analyze and resolve rock mass engineering geological problems. In this paper, advances of theory and methodology of modern structure geology are systematically reviewed, and significance of these advances to study geoengineering problems is then discussed.