There are some problems in the research on the hydrocarbon source in the Lunnan low uplift area of the Tarim basin. These problems directly cause the limitation of knowledge about the hy-drocarbon migration and accumulation in this area and also affect the exploration idea. Integrated analysis of various geological conditions indicates that the main hydrocarbon source rock is most likely to be Triassic and Jurassic strata. The Triassic and Jurassic strata themselves can generate petroleum and form an independent petroleum-bearing system which has the characteristics of short lateral migration, self-generation and self accumulation, and presence of multiple sets of as-sociation of source, reservoir and cap rocks which are superimposed each other vertically. The reservoirs are fluvial or lakeshore sandstone with a normal combination of source, reservoir and cap rocks. This area is mainly a petroleum accumulation belt of anticlinal traps.