青藏高原刻痕与地壳分层构造
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本文为中国地质调查项目资助项目(编号#12120113093800)的成果。


Deformation Scratches and Crustal Structures in Qinghai—Xizang (Tibet) Plateau
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    摘要:

    本文针对青藏高原的科学问题,讨论多尺度刻痕分析结果的地质和大地构造含义。区域重力场小波多尺度刻痕分析方法可应用于刻画地壳分层的三维密度结构和构造变形带,取得的反映上、中和下地壳结构的3套图件,为研究地壳构造和物质运动提供了有深度标定的定量的约束。方法应用到青藏高原后,研究结果表明上地壳结晶基底的图件与地表观察的地质构造吻合图件,而得出的中、下地壳图件提供了地表观察难以准确辨识的大量信息。例如,青藏高原内密度较高的地体包括喜马拉雅地体、克什米尔地体、察隅河地体、柴达木地体、巴颜喀拉地体和羌塘地体。柴达木地体、巴颜喀拉地体和羌塘地体是青藏高原中有壳根的核,而密度最高的克什米尔和察隅河地体在大陆碰撞时不易碎裂,对东西两个构造结的形成起了关键作用。青藏高原地壳大尺度强烈的低密度扰动反映了下地壳流的源区或者侧向挤出管道流,下地壳流可分为垂向管道流和侧向管道流两种。反映地壳变形带的脊形化参数图标明了现今地壳不同深度构造的位置,这些包括古地体拼合缝合带、古俯冲变形带、走滑剪切变形带等。结合边界刻痕参数图,可以绘制出中、下地壳构造图。

    Abstract:

    After introducing the principal of the multi scale scratch analysis method of regional gravity data, this paper presents results of its application to Qinghai—Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, produces three sets of density disturbance, ridge coefficient and edge coefficient images. The density disturbance images can be used for delineation of hardness and rheological properties of continental tectonic units. The ridge coefficient images can be used for delineation of deformation belts, and the edge coefficient images can be applied for positioning the boundaries of structural division of the units. These images provide crustal geological and tectonic information from different aspects with depth information, are able to give quantitative constrains to any possible tectonic models. On the upper crust, these results are basically coincident with surface geological and tectonic mapping. They can also provide more structural information of the middle and lower crust that is usually difficult to be accurately inferred. For instance,the density disturbance images show the source zones and squeezed flows of the channel flows in the lower crust, as well as the position of subduction front of the Indian plate beneath the Himalaya mountain range. The ridge coefficient images provide positions of suture zones, deformation and subduction volcanic belts, ancient terrane collision belts and strike slip zones. Combination with the edge coefficient images one can draw out tectonic maps with different structural units in the middle and lower crust. For example, very high density terranes, the Kashmir and Chayu River, are divided from the Himalaya terrane, giving physical reasons for formation of the west and east structural knots in the India—Eurasia collisional belt. The multi scale scratch analysis provides not only plane geometry of structures and deformation belts, but also their depth extension and stereoscopic patterns. For instance,decrease of the low density volume from the lower crust to the upper shows possible diapiric intrusions of the low density channel flows.

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孙艳云,杨文采,侯遵泽,于常青.2015.青藏高原刻痕与地壳分层构造[J].地质论评,61(2):269-280,[DOI].
SUN Yanyun, YANG Wencai, HOU Zunze, YU Changqing.2015. Deformation Scratches and Crustal Structures in Qinghai—Xizang (Tibet) Plateau[J]. Geological Review,61(2):269-280.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-12-15
  • 最后修改日期:2015-01-22
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  • 在线发布日期: 2015-03-22
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