The authors studied the physical structures of a metamorphic series of vitrinites, fusinites and pyrolytic carbon by applying high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results show that with an increase in coal rank, the average length (L) of the basic structural unit (BSU) and the average number of condensed aromatic rings of vitrinites increase, the number of diffraction circles goes up, and the degree of circle diffusion decreases, so resulting in arc-like. This indicates that the BSU of vitrinite might grow and get more oriented in the process of metamorphism. It is found that the point with VRo,max=6. 50%, marks a step change and that when VRo,max>6. 50% the BSU became oriented apparently. The high-resolution image of fusinites and pyrolitic carbon were firstly studied by HRTEM. The structural order oflusinites is less and its evolution is slower than that of vitrinites. The structural order of pyrolytic carbon is better.