Abstract:In the south Three Rivers region, the geologic-tectonic evolution was complex. There was multi-stages mineralization during evolution of paleo-tethys and inner continental convergent orogeny,. but the involved spatial scope was different. regional metallogenic regulation couldn’t be reflected clearly by the unified division of metallogenic belts. According to the tectonic cycles, such as precambrian, paleo-tethys and continental orogenic cycle, the metallogenic belts were divided. new division scheme was proposed in this paper. From the middle-south area of three river to southeast asia, there should be 5 large metallogenic belts extending over 1000 Km: Cu, Ni, PGE metallogenic belt of Dali-Ailaoshan, Pb-Zn, Ag-Cu-Co, Hg-Sb polymetallic metallogenic belt of Lanping-Simao, western and middle Sn metallogenic belt of southeast asia. In addition, a lot of geological problems about metallogenic belts were also discussed.

Abstract:Jinding Pb-Zn ore deposit is a superlarge deposit hosted by sedimentary rocks (limestone and sandstone). Based on studies of structures of the mining areas and characteristics of the deposit, this paper discusses emphatically the ores structure types, microstructures and textures of two types of ore bodies (sandstone type and limestone type). It is shown that well-developed fault systems are the basic structural characteristic of Lanping Basin. Along the boundaries and in the basin, pre-mineralization faults with characteristics combined of thin-skinned thrust and nappe structure are developed, which results in large scale reverse and stacking of the stratigraphic column. A syn-mineralization central axis fault zone in NE-NNE direction and with a width of near 3 km consists of zones of structural breccias and lensoids in the basin. It controls the emplacement and distribution of ore bodies or deposits. Post-mineralization normal faulting in NS direction results in the formation of Lanping graben that destroys the ore deposits and denudes them to the surface. Two types of deposits, tabular or layered sandstone type and brecciaed limestone type, are situated respectively in two thrust sheets which are made up of Cretaceous calc-feldspar-quartz sandstones and Triassic asphaltene limestones respectively. Exemplified by Fenghuangshan mining area, Jinding Pb-Zn deposit is of three layers: at the top the Triassic dolomitic limestone cover, at the bottom the limestone type ore body, and the sandstone type ore body between them. Those layers are separated and trapped by two major thrust faults. As the channels where ore fluid migrates upwards during mineralization, several breccia pipes connect ore bodies of the sandstone and limestone types. Fractures and microcracks, massive structure, syntaxial veins and pseudomorphic crystals are the most popular microstructures, which reveal that the processes of fracturing and fragmentation, open space filling and metasomatism play an important role in Pb-Zn mineralization. The formation and emplacement of Jinding Pb-Zn deposit are directly controlled by structural processes. Pre-mineralization thrusting leads to the formation of high pressure mineralizing fluids and gives rise to traps for mineralization. The activity of the central axis fault zone enhances the upward migration of ore fluid. The physical properties of limestone and sandstone (e.g. porosity, permeability and mechanical properties), however, contribute to the differences in mineralization in the two types of rocks and formation of two types of ore bodies. The low permeability and compact limestone is heated and softened by ore fluid. Meanwhile, the high pressure fluid with decreasing temperature results in the cracking of the wall rocks into fine breccia, coarse breccia and fractures. During cracking, mineralizing materials precipitate to cementing the breccias to form limestone type ore bodies. After migrating into the high porosity sandstone through fluid channels, the high pressure fluid disperses in the sandstone and fills the grain boundaries and cracks, and replaces the clastic K-feldspar and calcite cement, forming massive sandstone type ore bodies.

Abstract:Diancang Shan complex, lying to the northwest extension of the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone, experienced very intense left-lateral stricke-slip shearing and metamorphism. High-temperature mineral assemblages are preserved in sheared rocks and show typical high-temperature macro- and microstructure characteristics. A remarkable feature of the mylonites is their extremely strong stretching lineation fabrics forming L and L>>S tectonites. Such fabrics occur in both sheared metamorphic rocks and sheared granitic plutons. Microstructures, mineral deformation features and textures of deformed minerals from high-temperature mylonites collected from Diancangshan are studied. U-Pb zircons from a granitic high temperature mylonite are dated by SHRIMP. The results reveal features of intensive ductile deformation and oriented growth of feldspar, quartz and amphibole, in responding to shearing and metamorphism at amphibolite facies. Microstructural features also consistent with left-lateral shearing. Structural and microstructural studies of the mylonitized porphyritic monozogranite reveal a progressive evolution from emplacement of magma, subsolidus flow, late magmatic replacement to solid state shearing. It is suggested that the upwelling and emplacement of the magma are controlled by left lateral shearing and progressive shearing strongly affected the emplaced magmatic rocks. On the other hand, macrostructural analysis reveals that the high temperature granitic mylonites are mainly confined to the shear zone, has experienced shear deformation and extends along the shear zone. All above evidences suggest synkinematic feature of the magmatic intrusion. Meanwhile, thermochronological dating of zircons from the granitic mylonite give U-Pb ages of 30.88±0.32 Ma, which provides an upper limit timing of Diancangshan left-lateral shearing. We would strongly argue that the left lateral shearing along the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone in Diancangshan area initiated no later than 30.88±0.32 Ma in early Oligocene.

Abstract:The Dien Bien Phu (DBP) fault zone is one of the most seismically active fault systems in the Indochina, extending over a distance of some 150 km from the border between Yunnan, China and Vietnam through the NW Vietnam into Laos. The faults are of strike-slip and oblique-slip character, dipping 60–70°to the west in the northern part and 70–80°(even to 90°) in the southern part of the fault zone. Three basins with Neogene (from Pliocene to Holocene) are interpreted along the fault zone, e.g. Chan Nua, Lai Chau, and Dien Bien Phu basins. These basins show different characteristics of kinematics in different segments along the fault zone. All of the geological, geomorphological and ETM image analysis reveals two stages of tectonic development of the fault zone: an early stage characterized by dextral and reverse-dextral strike-slip faulting and a late stage characterized by sinistral strike-slip faulting. In the remote sensing image, the landforms and drainage features of the two sides of the fault zone are obviously different——more complicated on the western side than on the eastern side. Such differences may also imply the relative activity of the two blocks on both sides of the fault zone. Based on the ETM image analysis and field survey in Jinping, Southern Yunnan, China and Laichau, Vietnam, we found that in the north of DBP fault zone it is connected with the Sanjiahe fault zone which is similar to the DBP fault zone in structural characteristics and evolution, and it even approaches the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone. Geometrically and kinematically, the DBP fault and the recently dextral Red River fault zone form a conjugate shear due to a stress field of EW extension and NS compression.

Abstract:Base upon a 7.5km measured geological profile across Yangla mining area and lithostratigraphic subdivision, the stratum of Yangla mining area called Gajinxueshan Group, which thought to be gigantic and thick sediments of oceanic basin in Permian, now proved to be consists of tectonic malange from Devonian to Permian. For reasons that initial cracking, oceanic spreading, oceanic subduction, and collision orogency that Yangla area experienced, the greenschist facies metamorphism which rocks widely underwent and the lack of ancient-life fossils, the reconstruction of protoliths and strata sequence is intangible. On the basis of research of predecessors and our discovery of conodonts, considering Sedimental features and evolutionary history of Jinshajiang ocean, we subdivide the strata into Early Devonian Jiangbian Formation rock massif, Middle Devonian-Carboniferous rock massif and Permian rock massif and we discussed its tectonic evolution.

Abstract:The parent rock of Pulang porphyry copper deposit is uplex rock masses,which composed by dioritic porphyrite,monzonite porphyry and granodiorite, three type rocks of biotite and hornblende’s 40Ar-39Ar istope age consistent with geological characteristics and research results of petrography.From 212.1Ma→211.0Ma→206.4Ma,which represent the evolutional relationship of from dioritic porphyrite to monzonite porphyry to granodiorite.Obviously,the age break the late indo-chinese epoch which is the Newest and minor istope age data from the Pulang uplex rock masses.It is obtain 199 Ma 40Ar-39Ar istope age from Panan cattle farm monzonite porphyry in this porphyry belt north showed that this area has the continuance of indo-chinese epoch,or there was one stage quite intensity tectonic-magmatic activity and copper multiple metal mineralization. Merely, it is the continuance of indo-chinese epoch,and there was another tectonic-magmatic activity mineralization which problem have no one scholars clearly put forward,So,it is a worth of researching problem in further.

Abstract:There are a lot of debates about the age of mineralization of Xuejiping porphyry copper deposit, Yunnan province. For determination of the time limit of beginning of the mineralization, the zircons from the ore-bearing porphyry in sericite-quartz alteration belt at Xuejiping porphyry copper deposit was taken to do the SHRIMP U-Pb dating, and the result was 215.2±1.9Ma, which indicated that the mineralization acurred after 215Ma. Hf isotope composition of the zircons show the magma come from mantle source. The distribution of the Hf isotope data are not homogeneous. εHf(t) of 8 zircons range from 1.1 to 2.1, and average of two stage model ages is 1150Ma. But εHf(t) of 2 zircons are 7.4 and 6.0 respectively, and the corresponding two stage model ages are 778Ma and 869Ma. These data show the existence of two magmatic source, and magma mixing, which should be proved through farther study. Regional isotope chronology data indicated that the magmatism of 215 Ma was main heat event controlled the mineralization of porphyry copper deposits.

Abstract:Located in the Gongbujiangda County, Tibet, the Yaguila Pb-Zn, Mo deposit is a porphyry Mo -skarn-hydrothermal vein type deposit, which belongs to eastern part of the Gangdese belt. This study provides the high-precision magmatic zircon SHRIMP dating of the quartz porphyry from the Yaguila deposit. SHRIMP U-Pb dating analyses of 56 zircon grains from the quartz porphyry present 206Pb/238U concordant ages from 110.2±6.8Ma to 140.9±1.9Ma. The weighted mean ages of the three rocks are 128±1.0Ma (n = 20 ,MSWD = 1.3), 129.3±1.3Ma (n = 14 ,MSWD = 1.12), 127.8±1.1Ma (n = 22 ,MSWD = 1.4) respectively. Based on the former study, and the results of zircon dating mentioned above, it is proposed that: (1)Crystallization of the quartz porphyry occurred between 126.7～130.6Ma, during the Late Yenshanian period. (2)The Mo mineralization happened after the Crystallization of the quartz porphyry. (3)The Yaguila-Sharang deposit is not a SEDEX type deposit but a porphyry Mo -skarn-hydrothermal vein type deposit. (4)The mineralization related to the crystallization of the quartz porphyry during the Late Yenshanian period to the early himalayan period. There are mineralization movements during main Indian-Asian collision period (41-65Ma)in the Gangdese belt, which means a lot for the mineral resource prospecting of this area.

Abstract:Yulong deposit is a super-large scale porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit in the Jin sha jiang-Hong he. In this paper， SHRIMP U-Pb technique was applied to date the ages of ore-hosted rocks and metallogenic process. The two dating results of ore-hosted biotite-feldspars porphyry are 43.0 ± 0.5 Ma（MSWD = 1.3） and 43.8 ± 0.7 Ma（MSWD = 2.6）.The age of quartz-feldspars porphyry rock which located in the north of Yulong deposit is 43.9 ± 0.6 Ma（MSWD = 1.19）. And the age of biotite-feldspars porphyry rocks which located in the south of Yulong deposit is 41.4 ± 0.6 Ma（MSWD = 1.6）. These results show that the main intruding episode of Yulong cu-hosted porphyry is about 43Ma. And there is a trend in the Yulong porphyry copper metallogenic belt that the episodes of the intruding rocks become younger from north to south. And the other diagenesis and mieralization ages of Yulong porphyry copper belt indicate that some other Cu-Mo-Au deposits could be find.

Abstract:Based on the study of the geological evolution, metallogenetical characteristics in central-northern Daxinganling belt, and the distribution characteristics of the ore deposits at the adjacent areas in Mongolia and Russia, the geological units and metallogenetic zones are divided, the main types of the ore deposits and metallogenetical ages are summed up. The direction of ore prospecting in the belt is proposed. Daxinganling metallogenetical belt is divided into three geological units of third-order, i.e. Eerguna block, Elunchun hercynian fold belt and Dongwuqi early-hercynian fold belt, and subdivided into 14 geological units of fourth-order. The types of ore deposits include skarn, porphyry, hydrothermal, VMS, magmatic differentiation, placer and greisen, the hydrothermal ore deposits canbe subdivided into 6 secondary types. The porphyry-type and hydrothermal-tye ore deposits are the most important. The ore deposits mainly distribute in northeastern direction as well as with a north-western array. According to their space distribution and the characters of the main ore-controlling tectonics, Daxinganling metallogenetic belt is divided into two third-order metallogenetic zones: Deerbugan and Dongwuqi-Xinganl and 13 fourth-order metallogenetic enrichment regions. On time scale, the formation of ore deposits in the belt has been last from early Paleozoic to late Mesozoic era, the later era is main age. The mineralization of various types of ore deposit is quite different. The formation of the single type of porphyry deposits may last from early last from early Paleozoic to late Mesozoic, but other types of ore deposits mainly formed during Yanshanian period. It is implying that the ore-prospecting for skarn and hydrothermal ore deposits should focused on the region of Yanshannian magmatic-tectonic activity developed, for the porphyry deposits, both the Paleozoic and the Mesozoic magmatic-tectonic areas should be stressed.

Abstract:Shuiyindong is one of the largest (more than 100 tonnes Au) and highest grade (more than 7 to 10 ppm), stratabound Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou Province, China. The deposit is controlled by both the structure and favorable lithology. It is situated near the axis of the striking Huijiabao anticline and is hosted in bioclastic limestone of the Permian Longtan Formation. Gold mineralization occurred under low-temperature with Th of 220℃± and is closely associated with decarbonation, silicification, sulfidation. The deposit has characteristic elemental assemblages of Au-As-Hg-Tl. Studies of geochemistry and isotope compositions indicate that the ore-bearing materials and fluids of the gold deposit mainly originated from plutonic source, and possess a mixing features with the strata matter during transportation from mantle to crust. Fluid inclusions in vein quartz from the gold deposit are rich volatile flux and indicating that metallogenic fluid is an overpressured one. The activity and heat-state of Earth’s crust in long period are favorable for the formation of overpressured fluids in a large area, and extensive structures drove the fluids into ore-forming system and made gold deposits formed. The complexity of structural movement in upper crust of southwestern Guizhou, resulted in a complicated gold mineralization. Through metallogenic pognosis and exploration, demonstrated reserves of the deposit increases tens of tones Au and the deposit become a superlarge stratabound Carlin-type gold deposit.

Abstract:The prospecting information and research results of response between important metallogenic events and structures in Qinling,Qilian and Kunlun Mountains are obtained by the comprehensive contrasting and actural field work. The geological comparison of crystalline basement between Longshoushan group and Hualong group, its geophysics and other geological information,showing the metallogenic geological conditions of Hualong micro-massif is similar with the Longshoushan uplift, in which occurs the giant Jinchuan Ni-Cu deposit. Therefore, it suggests that Hualong has good metallogenic condition of Ni-Cu and prospecting potentiality,and the Ni-Cu ore deposits in Hualong micro-massif and the giant Jinchuan Ni-Cu deposit are the results of the same large tectonic magmatism. It proved that bearing basic-ultrabasic intrusive rocks and mineralization under thick red cover by field work,and there are potentials for finding new rock masses and Ni-Cu deposits of the same type.

Abstract:The Shapolin Mo deposit in Luoning in western Henan Province, which is located in eastern part of the Eastern Qinling molybdenum ore belt in southern margin of the North China craton, is a veinlet-disseminated type molybdenite deposit newly discovered in the hypometamorphic rocks of Archean Taihua Group. With the research of geological features and the Re-Os isotopic dating of one sample, the results obtained show that the model age of molybdenite in the quartz veins is 126.8±1.7Ma. It shows that the Shapoling molybdenum deposit was formed mainly in the stage of Yanshan, similar to Jinduicheng and Leimengou Mo deposit. According to the content of Re isotope, the ore forming materials mainly derived from upper mantle. Considering the complication of formation mechanism of the Shapoling molybdenum deposit, further research is needed. Deep drilling is also necessary so that we can verify the existence of deep-concealed porphyry bodies and porphyry type of Mo orefield of larger reserves and the potential of prospecting and exploration is great.

Abstract:Xiejiagou gold deposit, newly descovered in the Eastern Shandong Province, is a large-size gold deposit. The paper researches REE geochemistry characteristics of biotite granites, dikes and ore, considering granites, intermediate-basic dikes and mineralizing fluid have the consanguinity and inheritance; The rock and ore-forming meterials mainly originated from deep crust-mantle transitional zone; While the mineralization of Xiejiagou gold deposit is controlled by the mesozic large-scale crust-mantle interaction in the Eastern part of North China.

Abstract:In china and abroad, the alkali feldspar granite is generally characteristic of polymetallic mineralization, especially the rare metal mineralization. In china, this kind of mineralized intrusions are mostly distributed in the South China fold system. The Dongqiyishan alkali feldspar granite in the western Inner Mongolia is a large rare metal mineralized rock body in the northern area of China, where this kind of intrusion is infrequent. Because of lacking former researches, the understanding on it is somewhat superficial. Based on the few former research, this paper performed a lot of deep and detailed work on its lithology, metallogeny and the mechanism of its petrogenesis and mineralization. It shows that the intrusion is a alkali feldspar granite rock body formed by direct differential evolution of the crust-derived magma. Besides rubidium, the Nb-Ta contained in the rock also has considerable value in use. Furthermore, The alkali feldspar granite is the source of the tungsten, tin and beryllium resources. The large fluorite deposit and Aragonite-calcite deposit derived from the intrusion also has extremely high economic values. This can greatly improve the practice and theory of the petrogenesis and mineralization of the Dongqiyishan alkali feldspar granite. It also has great implication for guiding regional prospecting ore deposits related with this kind of intrusions.

Abstract:The line-6 copper(PGE)-rich orebody of Jinchuan Cu-Ni sulphide deposit is considered as the product of postal magmatic hydrothermal superimposed mineralization by some researchers. From study, the orebody is controlled by fault structure in space and it is same with adjacent magma liquation 1# orebody in aspects as ore fabric, mineral composition and sulfur isotopic composition. The orebody shows characteristics of magmatic mineralization. In element geochemistry, prospecting line 6 copper(PGE)-rich orebody Cu, Ni, Pt and Pd contents and Cu/Ni value appears obviously higher than 1# main orebody, whileas, Os, Ir, Rh and Ru contents appears obviously lower than the latter. Comparatively, the former has rich LREE and differentiation of light and heavey lanthanon is higher than the latter. Based on Metal Elements distribution rules and lanthanon characteristics during the period of sulfide crystallization differentiation, this paper demonstrated prospecting line 6 copper-rich (PGE) orebody as magma condiut type orebody, it is the products of the late stage crystallization of liquid magmatic sulfide. In the Midwest of the mining area, Cu, Ni, Pt, Pd and Au contents are high. In the zone of Os, Ir, Rh and Ru low contents where is the advantage location to prospect for magma condiut type orebody.