Abstract:安徽岳西菖蒲—碧溪岭地区出露两条北北西向的高压—超高压变质岩带:西带由土桥冲至菖蒲水电站,该带由层状硬玉石英岩类、大理岩及少量的石英深色榴辉岩以及浅色榴辉岩等组成;东带由小南山岭至碧溪岭,主要由层状的浅色榴辉岩系列和层状深色榴辉岩系列岩石组成。该区发育的层状浅色榴辉岩和层状的深色榴辉岩两种榴辉岩在岩石组合、矿物组合、矿物成分等方面有明显差别。浅色榴辉岩一般由硬玉质绿辉石(Jd 65～45)、+镁铝以及钙铝端元成分(Pyr+Gro,60±)的石榴子石+蓝晶石±多硅白云母±石英及次生的角闪石、绿帘石组成。其中夹有硬玉质绿辉石石英岩、富蓝晶石岩石、石榴子石岩和硬玉石榴白云片岩等岩石薄层。深色榴辉岩由绿辉石(Jd20～50)±富铁铝端元的石榴子石(Alm 50～60)+金红石±石英及次生的角闪石等组成。石英深色榴辉岩由绿辉石(Jd 40～45)+镁铝端元的石榴子石(Pyr 10～30)+石英+金红石及次生的角闪石、长石组成。深色榴辉岩与石榴橄榄岩分布上紧密相随。浅色榴辉岩的原岩为基性凝灰质沉积岩,相伴随的硬玉石英岩、硬玉岩、白云片岩的原岩大致分别为粉砂岩、长石砂岩、泥质粉砂岩;深色榴辉岩为基性凝灰质熔岩。大理岩的原岩为灰岩。同时,本文的研究表明,在相同的变质作用条件下,榴辉岩相岩石中石榴

Abstract:The Sulu eclogites are located in the collision zone between the north china plate and the Yangtze plate. The p-t conditions of their formation is not only ultrahigh-pressure(UHP) ,but also high temperature (HT). The PTt paths of the eclogites indicate that they are the products of the continent-continent collisional subduc-tion zone. Their regional country rocks, i. e. granitic gneiss, are syncollisional granites of the Neoproterozoic, while the other direct country rocks (joining each other) of the eclogites all occur as enclosures in the granites. The eclogite bodies were intruded by the Neoproterozoic gneissic granite veins, indicating that the solid eclogite enclosures once existed in liquid granitic magma. Coesite and omphacite inclusions have been identified as minute inclusions in zircons from the regional country rocks, namely Neoproterozoic granites, indicating that the constituents of the Neoproterozoic granites also experienced UHP metamorphism, and that the isotopic ages of the zircon U-Pb system of the eclogites and the country rocks are basically equal to each other. However, the Neoproterozoic granites recorded less events (stages) of metamorphism and deformation than the eclogites. The following inferences can be obtained in light of the above: UHP eclogites and the Neoproterozoic granomagma were formed at the same time at the bottom of the collision zone (the front part of the subducted continental crust). The eclogites were carried to uplift by the Neoproterozoic granomagma at the first stage of the exhuma-tion and at the second stage the eclogites were uplifted and degraded along with the Neoproterozoic granites by thrusting and regional uplifting.

Abstract:It has long been debated that the Dabie orogenic belt belongs to the North China or Yangtze cratons. In re-cent years, the eastern China has been suggested, based on the Pb isotopic compositions of Phanerozoic ore and Mesozoic granitoid K-feldspar (revealing the crust Pb) combined with Meso-Cenozoic basalts (revealing the mantle Pb) , being divided into North China and Yangtze Pb isotopic provinces, where the crust and mantle of the Yangtze craton are characterized by more radiogenic Pb. In this sense, the previous researchers suggested that the EW-treading Dabie orogenic belt with less radiogenic Pb in the crust was part of North China craton. In this paper, however, the Late Cretaceous basalts in the central and southern parts of Dabie orogenic belt are characterized by some more radiogenic Pb (206Pb/204Pb = 17. 936 - 18. 349, 207Pb/204Pb =15. 500-15. 688, 208Pb/204Pb=38. 399 - 38. 775) and a unique U-Th-Pb trace element system similar to those of Yangtze craton, showing that the Mesozoic mantle is Yangtze-typed. In addition, the decoupled Pb isotopic compositions be-tween crust and mantle were considerably derived from their rheological inhomogeneity, implying the complicat-ed evolutions of the Dabie orogenic belt.

Abstract:Lead isotopic compositions of 29 Tertiary basalts in the Jiyang depressional basin are reported in this paper. It is indicated that lead isotopic compositions of these basalts vary obviously. Their 206Pb/204Pb ratios are 16. 864 -18. 361, 207Pb/204Pb, 15. 268-15. 599 and 208Pb/204Pb, 36. 770-39. 118. On the 20SPb/204Pb-2<)6Pb/204Pb diagram, the Tertiary basalts are ploted above NHRL line and their A8/4 values are all larger than 60, suggest-ing the occurrence of Dupal anomaly in their mantle source. On the Pb-Pb and Pb-Sr correlation diagrams, all data points have a good linear relation indicating the binary mixing characteristics and are all located between the endmember components of DMM, EM I and EM I . Because the positive Nb anomaly and higher MgO con-tents and Mg# number values of these basalts, it is not important that the crustal contamination occurred during the ascending process of basaltic magma. Therefore, we conclude that the obvious variations of Pb isotopic com-position are mainly attributed to the mixing process of different degree between the different endmember compo-nents during the formation of basaltic magma.

Abstract:在帽源矿物的流体组分中含有一定数量的H2，这些H2在地球演化过程及幔动力体系中起着十分重要的作用，其在幔源矿物中的赋存状态具重要的研究价值。本文用真空分步加热质谱法测定了河北大麻坪幔源二辉橄槛岩捕虏体中橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石中H2的释放量，根据其与样品破碎粒度、加热温度及挥发份总量间的关系，辅以红外吸收光谱，认为幔源矿物中H2的赋存状态以气液包裹体（特别是早期气液包裹体）为主，矿物结构中OH的比例相对较少。

Abstract:The Neogene deposits with hominoid fossils in the Xiaohe - Leilao area, Yuanmou, Yunnan, are a se-quence of purple pebbly fine sandstone-siltstone with several yellow gravel beds. Taphonomic study and litho-logical characteristics, assemblages and sedimentary structures of the fossil-bearing bed show that this fossil-bearing bed consists dominantly of piedmont diluvial deposits with well-developed fan channel deposits. On the basis of an analysis of a few thousand pieces of mammalian fossils and taphonomic data from more than 30 exca-vation sites, two taphonomic types are identified. Fossils of type 1 are scarce and completely preserved in fine sediments of the fan. Fossils of type 2 are abundant but rather broken and are localized in yellow coarse sedi-ments of fan channels. The taphonomic types are closely related to the palaeoclimate and palaeoecology. The taphonomic characteristics of the fossils suggest that the environmental zonation in the area had been formed. The period when the Yuanmou hominoid fauna lived was an unrest, transitional one from the forest to bushveld environment.

Abstract:Well preserved brachiopods and other taxonomically diverse fossils have been for the first time found from a depth of more than 1700 m of the Durbod 101 borehole in the interior of the central depression of the Daqing prospect area. Study of these fossils have affirmed that those brachiopods belong to the Beishan type group widespread in the Tianshan-Hinggan depositional region during the Early Permian, thus making certain that the normally deposited marine Lower Permian does exist beneath the extensive Mesozoic strata in the Daqing prospect area and showing that the basement of the northern part of the Songliao basin is the Hercynian shallow folded basement. This discovery not only has great significance in the in-depth study of the mechanism of the basement structure and biopalaeogeographic changes as well as other theoretical problems, but also provides ac-tual evidence for the development of deep hydrocarbon exploration in the Daqing prospect area and the search for the follow-up hydrocarbon horizons. Therefore, the departments concerned should pay attention to hydro-carbon exploration of Upper Paleozoic strata.

Abstract:本文利用野外调查结果、二维地震反射剖面、钻井和测井数据建立了一条横穿库车河地区的南北向构造剖面,将库车冲断褶皱带划分为北部褶皱带、克依构造带、秋立塔格背斜带和亚肯背斜带。作者在库车冲断褶皱带北部发现了渐新世—中新世角度不整合,在库车南部亚肯背斜和东秋立塔格背斜顶部发现了构造生长地层,通过确定构造生长地层的底界,利用库车河地区古近系(下第三系)—第四系磁极柱,判断亚肯背斜和东秋立塔格背斜构造生长地层的沉积时代为5.2±0.2 Ma。上述结果暗示库车冲断褶皱带北部山前带的变形始于渐新世,并且经历了中新世、上新世的构造改造,南部秋立塔格背斜带和亚肯背斜带形成较晚,可能是上新世开始变形,而且变形活动持续至今,由此看来库车冲断褶皱带的变形时代由北向南变新。作者估算东秋立塔格背斜上新世以来(5.2±0.2 Ma)的构造变形量为7.5 km,变形速率为1.5 mm/a。

Abstract:本文厘定并阐述了辽西地区燕山中生代板内造山带东段发育的推覆构造的宏观构造格局、运动学特征、形成时代和形成过程；探讨了形成该构造体系的区域构造背景及其大地构造意义。该区的逆冲构造系统由6条主干逆冲断层组成。分布于西北和东南缘的两条最外缘逆冲断层走向为ENE，居于其间的逆冲断层呈NNE-NE，而且，向东北和南西方向这些断层具有汇合的趋势。在东北端收敛于凌源-东官营子断裂（“内蒙地轴”南缘断裂）上，而在西南端则汇拢于大屯-锦州断裂及其西延的密云-喜峰口断裂。总体上构成一个类似于双重构造（duplex)的巨型逆冲系统。该区逆冲作用始于中侏罗世之前，于株罗纪末达到高峰并基本形成了本区的推覆构造格局。本区逆冲断层系统，总体逆冲方向指向南东，与燕山板内造山带中段、西段以向北、北西逆冲为主的逆冲推覆构造明显不同。结合燕山中段发现的近东西向右行走滑断裂系统及其与本区逆冲推覆构造体系的时-空关系分析，指出本区逆冲推覆构造的形成，是没燕山东西向构造带右行走滑作用因构造方向的改变发生构造转换的结果。

Abstract:It is a critical problem in the mechanics of continental deep subduction why continental rocks of low density can be subducted to UHPM depths. Although it was suggested that continental blocks on the scale of tens of kilometers could be wrapped down to UHP depth by subducting mantle, large scale UHPM belts of continental deep subduction requires special tectonic settings. Studies on the northern South Island of New Zealand indicate that subducting oceanic slab can overcome the buoyancy and drag adjacent continental sliver up to about 150 km width to UHM depths, while the main body of continent can only float upon the mantle to produce strike-slip faults. Similar tectonic settings may exist in the Sulu-Dabie area. Oceanic slab west of Sulu dragged continental Sulu to UHPM depth first; then, oceanic slab west of Dabie dragged Dabie to UHPM depth, while Sulu, which lost the oceanic slab drag and under buoyancy, float up and produced the Tancheng-Lujiang strike-slip fault as the Yangtze block moved northward; finally, continental collision occurred in Qingling and Dabie UH-PM exhumed under buoyancy. As a typical orogeny of continental collision, Qingling has no condition for large scale UHPM formation, although scattered UHPM may not be excluded.

Abstract:The Tuwu and Yandong large porphyry copper (molybdenum) deposits were discovered recently in south-eastern Xinjiang, form the Eastern Tianshan porphyry copper belt. As shown by the chronological constraints, the age of plagiogranite porphyry related to mineralizaiton is about 369 ~ 356 Ma (Rb-Sr isochron dating and single-grain zircon U-Pb dating) , the age of molybdenite is 320 Ma (Re-Os isochron dating) , and the age of al-tered rocks is about 341-310 Ma. The ore-bearing wall-rocks, trachybasalt and trachyandesite probably oc-curred in the Devonian (Sm-Nb age, 416 Ma; single-grain zircon U-Pb ages, 356 Ma, 390 Ma and 440 Ma). The porphyry copper deposits are the product of island-arc volcanism-plutonism. To the south of the porphyry copper belt is the well-known Kanggurtag gold belt, and further south is the Xingxingxia silver belt. Therefor-e, from north to south, the assemblage of the erogenic deposits is manifested as the porphyry copper (molybde-num) belt-ductile shear and epithermal gold belt-epithermal (tectonic alteration) silver belt. The instrusion ages are older in the north than those in the south. All the evidence indicates that the partial melting depths of granitic magma became deeper southwards, and implies that the tectonomagmatic plane was subducted from north to south. As the reflection of the crust-mantle evolution, tectonomagmatism in the Eastern Tianshan persisted from 370 to 240 Ma, which implies that there seemed to be a belt of continuous evolution of granitic magma from Haerlike and Kanggurtag in the north to the Central Tianshan in the south. No sign is found that plutonism has been interrupted by several extension events that occurred in the Eastern Tianshan during the Pa-leozoic.The authors discusses the mineralization mechanisms and tectonic framework of porphyry copper deposits, gold deposits of ductile shear belt type and silver deposits of tectonic alteration type in the Eastern Tianshan and construct a mineralization model, which suggests the new direction in mineral prospecting in the Eastern Tian-shan orogen.

Abstract:Mo-bearing sandstone discovered in the Minzhu-Taiping area, Muchuan County, Sichuan Province, is a new type of mineral deposit-sedimentary sandstone type Re-Mo (-Os) deposit. X-ray powder diffractionanalysis shows that the finely crystalline-microcrystalline scaly Mo-bearing mineral in the ore is crystalline molybdenite. High-precision mass spectrbmetry indicates that the contents of the dispersed element Re and plat-inum-group element Os are high in molybdenite. So the two elements can be recovered for industrial uses. High-precision Re-Os isotope dating suggests that the Muchuan Re-Mo (Os) deposit form in 202~206 Ma, synchroneously with the ore-bearing Mesozoic red bed basin sandstone. No sign of hydrothermal activity or tec-tonic setting has been found. The authors think that the molybdenite is the product of the syngenetic sedimenta-ry period. This discovery and research are of great theoretical significance and practical value for the study of mineralogy and the geology of mineral deposits.

Abstract:The gas hydrate is considered a clean optional energy for "fossil fuels" in the 21 Century, which is of great importance for humans on the Earth. The South China Sea is the potential area for the occurrence of gas hy-drates. This study applies satellite-based thermal infrared remote sensing (STIRS) to prospecting for gas hy-drates in the South China Sea for the first time, which proves to be effective.This paper analyses the mechanism of high temperature shown in STIRS images. The relationship between the high temperature and the occurrence of conventional oil (gas) reserves and gas hydrates is also discussed. It is pointed out that the high temperature is caused by the seepage of gases such as CH4 and CO2 from convention-al oil gas fields in shallow water and by that from marine gas hydrates in deep water, but is almost not related to gases from the deep crust. The areas of high temperature shown in the STIRS images are mainly distributed in the Xisha trough, Dongsha Island slopes, Bijianan basin and Nanaha trough of the South China Sea, show-ing potentials for gas hydrates to grow. In these areas, there exist some other known indicators, such as BSR and geochemical and radioactive anomalies, for gas hydrates to occur. Therefore, in the South China Sea, the high temperature shown in the STIRS images before earthquakes can give an indirect evidence for the existence of marine gas hydrates in deep water.

Abstract:There are low-richness organic matter and high hydrocarbon translation ratio of Tertiary hydrocarbon source rocks in Qaidarn basin. It was formed in environment of salt water and deoxidization. It's characteristic differ from eastern petroliferous basin of China. Especially, nearly 80 percent of the proved oil resources in Qaidam Basin are immature oil. In order to explain this anomalous feature, we have improved the traditional method of kerogan extraction and combined the determination of kerogan type with maceral analysis of thin-sec-tions of mudstone. Writers have identified Botryococoous and Coccolithophorida, which are enriched fatty acid. According to our research, it is concluded that Botryococoous and Coccolithophorida are the real organic matter that forms the immature oil deposits in the Qaidam Basin.

Abstract:笔者对近期在湖南慈利发现的长兴期珊瑚礁的白云石化作用及成岩环境进行了研究。通过对礁灰岩白云石化的分布、岩石结构构造、微量元素和碳、氧稳定同位素成分的测试研究,对白云石化的环境进行了分析。主要有:①潮上蒸发形成的高盐度交代白云石化;②深埋藏高盐度热水条件下白云石化;③区域抬升埋藏变浅,大气水渗入淡化的热水条件下发生的白云石化。据各类白云石化在礁岩成岩序列中的位置,从早到晚分别命名为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3个世代,并分析了埋藏白云石化的物源,建立了Ⅱ、Ⅲ两个世代埋藏白云石化的概略模式。最后通过实例说明了研究礁岩埋藏白云石化作用对油气、铅锌矿产勘探的实用意义。

Abstract:Through an integrated study of Mesozoic and Paleozoic petroleum geology in southern China and summing-up of the exploration results, the authors put forward a set of methods for the study of petroleum systems in re-worked remnant basins or superposed basins. Its main concept is emphasizing the study of the "dynamic evolu-tion" of petroleum systems. The spatio-temporal evolution, hydrocarbon-generating process and hydrocarbon-generating intensity and resource amount in different geological stages of chief hydrocarbon source rocks are de-duced by performing 3-D basin modeling. The regularities of formation and destruction of oil-gas deposits are summarized by analyzing the old and existing oil-gas deposits. The migration and accumulation orientations are studied by the analysis of paleo-structures. The dynamic evolution of chief Mesozoic and Paleozoic petroleum systems in southern China during main tectonic movements is studied. The authors suggest that the realistic ex-ploration targets of Mesozoic and Paleozoic petroleum systems in southern China are secondary petroleum sys-tems and regenerated petroleum systems. As the existing primary petroleum systems are scarce, the authors suggest that the favorable perspective exploration areas of Mesozoic and Paleozoic petroleum systems in southern China are the high and steep anticlinal belt in the front of the Daba Mountains and on the western side of the Shizhu synclinorium, northeastern Sichuan, the Funin - Yancheng - Hai'an - Xinhua - Baoyin area in the Shubei basin, the Qianjiang - Xiantao -Paizhou - well Chacan 1 area in the southern part of the Jianghan basin,the Poyang basin in southern Jiangxi and the northern depression of the Chuxiong basin in Yunnan. This view has been supported by the exploration of the Zhujiadun gas field in the Yancheng depression of the Shubei basin and the Kaixiantaixi oil-bearing structure in the southern part of the Jianghan basin.

Abstract:The ages of the top and bottom laminae of a hiatus produced by sedimentary interruption are determined on the basis of synthecial dating of sedimentary cycle and lamina groups of stalagmite and synthecial determination of carbon and oxygen isotope of large stalagmite sections from the typical peak cluster and forest plain, the slope zone of karst and karst plateau in Xuanwei and Lugu lake of Yuannan, Libo and Duyuan of Guizhou and Guil-in. The age difference of the upper and lower laminae will be taked as the duration of the sedimentary inter-ruptin if there are more differences in the texture and structure the upper and lower laminae. The duration of sedimentatary interruption is long when the age difference is large and the dating values of the laminae (group) are in the normal order in this time period when there is intermittent water dropping. The duration is short when there are a little age difference. The sedimentation is continuous when there is little age difference and no visible anomaly. The sedimentary interruption of stalagmite contain rich information of paleoclimatic environ-ment and is one of the key field in the study of global climatic change.Based on the macroscopic, microscopic observation and dating of laminae, a classification scheme of sedi-mentary interruption on the seasonal, annual, 10 to 10 thousand-year and instant scales is put forward. The genetic and paleoclimatic implications of the sedimentation interruption are that, a short-time interruption of water dropping indicates a seasonal, annual or perennial dry condition under normal climate, a long-term inter-ruption of water dropping suggests periodical change of cold and warm climatic environment that result in sedi-mentary interruption of 10 years to 10 thousand years and an instant interruption of water dropping implies earthquake, falling top man-made events, etc.