This study briefly discussed the importance and necessity of conducting the scientific drilling program and reviewed the history of the scientific drilling development. Taking the previous Soviet Union SG-3, Germany KTB, China CCSD, American San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth and Hawaii drilling program, lake scientific drilling projects for examples, we introduced the key technology and achievements produced during implementing scientific drilling. It is finally concluded that training of research team and preparation of key drilling technologies have been played important role in the preparation stage of a scientific drilling program.