Based on recent field investigation and compilation of well data, in this paper we conducted a tentative discussion on the sedimentary characteristics, distribution and genetic mode of the Paleocene evaporites in the southwestern Tarim basin.Results show that, the Tuyiluoke Formation typified by halite resulted from regression process but the Aertashi Formation marked by gypsum or anhydrites was a product of a slow transgression.The halite deposit of Tuyiluoke Formation, as a result of brine reflux within multi subbasin system under a regression background, was controlled by multiple factors including regional tectonic activities and sea level changes.The sedimentary configuration during the early Paleogene from the Kalakumu Basin westward to the Fergana Afghan Tajik Basin to the southwestern Tarim Basin in the east displays a lake chain system with salinity increasing from west to east.Therefore, we conclude that the occurrence of preparation basin characterized by gypsum deposits between the southwestern Tarim Basin and the Tethys to the west resulted in the dominate halite deposits and the absence of gypsum deposits in the southwestern Tarim Basin during the Tuyilluoke Formation formed.The proposed genetic mode of brine reflux within a lake chain system is positive to a higher differentiation of salt materials, indicating a better prospect of potash formation in the southwestern Tarim Basin during the early Paleocene.