The hazardprone geological genes refer to the internal key factors that promote the conception of geohazards in a certain region. The special tectonic position of the plate tectonic mélange belt determines its complex geological evolution process and distinct geological characteristics, making it a critical zone for major engineering geological problems and frequent geological disasters. By examining the main geological characteristics of the tectonic mélange belts on the Tibetan Plateau, this paper summarizes and analyzes the special geological factors associated with geohazards. These factors include active geological structures, complex hydrothermal conditions, mixed lithologies, special altered soft rocks, and tectonic karst water channels, all of which serve as key contributors to major geohazards and engineering geological risks. Combined with typical cases, the causes of largescale landslides in tectonic mélange belts are analyzed, primarily divided into three types: tectonic control type, argillaceous soft rock control type, and altered ophiolite belt control type. Among them, the altered ophiolite belt exhibits the most distinctive pronetoslide geological structure within the tectonic mélange belt, characterized by a combination of specific lithology and geological structures. Tunnel engineering within tectonic mélange belts experiences five main deformation and failure modes, including collapse, horizontal convergence, circular convergence, floor lift, and dislocation. The unfavorable engineering characteristics of clayey altered soft rock are an important factor restricting the stability of tunnel surrounding rock within the tectonic mélange belt. In view of traditional engineering geological theory and risk prevention and control technology, this study identifies key research areas and proposes disaster prevention and mitigation strategies to address the challenges faced by largescale engineering construction in the tectonic mélange belt.