The breakthrough in natural gas exploration of well Mitan 1 indicates that the 4th Member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Ordos basin has great exploration potential. However, there are still disputes regarding the paleotectonic framework and lithofacies palaeogeography of the 4th Member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Ordos basin, which restricts the next stage of natural gas exploration process. Therefore, based on basic data such as earthquakes, field outcrops, drilling, cores, micro thin sections and logging, a systematic study was carried out on the structural lithofacies palaeogeography of the 4th Member of the Majiagou Formation, and the Ordovician paleostructural pattern of the 4th Member of the Majiagou Formation in Ordos basin was determined, the lithofacies palaeogeography of the 4th Member of the Majiagou Formation was recovered, and the favorable exploration area was predicted. The results show that: ① the paleotectonic framework of “two continents, three uplifts and four depressions” was developed in the 4th stage of Ordovician in Ordos basin. The two continents are the Yimeng ancient land and the Alxa ancient land, the three uplifts are the Central ancient uplift, the Zhongtiao ancient uplift, and the Shenmu- Zhidan low uplift, respectively. The four depressions are the Southwest edge depression, the Taolimiao depression, the Fugu depression, and the Liulin depression. ② The 4th stage of Ordovician was composed of carbonate rock inner gentle slope and middle gentle slope deposits, in which the inner gentle slope developed 7 microfacies, including dolomite flat, cloud bearing plaster, sand debris beach, microbial hill, lime mud hill, beach/hill sea and lime lagoon. ③ The paleotectonic framework controls the sedimentary differentiation of the 4th Member of the Majiagou Formation. Three favorable reservoir facies, including sand debris beach, microbial mound and lime mud mound, are mainly distributed along the middle bulge of the southwest margin depression and the high part of the ancient landform, such as Shenmu- Zhidan low uplift. The conclusion is that Shenmu- Zhidan area is a favorable reservoir development area, and is located in the lithologic phase change zone, with good source reservoir cap configuration and favorable reservoir forming conditions. It is a favorable target area for the next step of natural gas exploration.