Compared with the middle and upper crust, the understanding of the composition and structure of the lower crust is limited by the availability of samples. However, lower crustal xenoliths captured by natural volcanism can provide key samples. The North China Craton is one of the oldest cratons in the world, and volcanism in this craton since Phanerozoic had carried abundant lower crustal xenoliths, which provide a possibility to explore the composition, structure and formation processes of the lower crust beneath North China Craton. Based on the comprehensive study of the determinations on the depths, nature and ages of these xenoliths, the composition and structural profiles of the lower crust represented by Xinyang, Junan, Hannuoba and Nushan areas are constructed. These profiles indicate that the lower crust beneath North China Craton is stratified with vertical architecture with old upper part and young lower part, which may be related to magma underplating. Zircon U- Pb ages and Hf isotopes of those xenoliths revealed the complex formation and evolution processes of the lower crust of the craton. The oldest component may have formed in Hadean (~4. 0 Ga), and then experienced Eoarchean (3. 80~3. 65 Ga) reworking. During Neoarchean (2. 8~2. 5 Ga) and Paleoproterozoic (2. 3~1. 8 Ga) periods, crustal accretion and reworking coexisted. Since Phanerozoic (462~220 Ma, 140~90 Ma and 47~45 Ma), the lower crust has also experienced multistage accretion and reworking events.