Ultrahigh temperature (UHT)metamorphism is of great significance for understanding the tectono- thermal evolution and crustal composition differentiation. Typical UHT metamorphism occurred in different tectonic domains of the Antarctic continent. Major geological units that have undergone UHT metamorphism include the Napier complex, the Rauer Islands, the Larsemann Hills, the Lützow- Holm complex, the Schirmacher Hills, etc. The distribution area of UHT metamorphism varies in different geological units. The UHT metamorphism of the Napier complex in Enderby Land is widely distributed (～15000 km2), while the UHT metamorphism in the Schirmacher Hills is relatively limited. The differences in area and exposure characteristics of the UHT metamorphism may suggest different formation mechanisms and heat sources. In the UHT geological units, there are diverse UHT mineral assemblages, such as sapphirine- quartz, orthopyroxene- sillimanite, spinel- quartz and osumilite, corundum, ternary feldspar or Al- rich orthopyroxene- bearing assemblages. In metabasic rocks, assemblages involving garnet- clinopyroxene- plagioclase and/or high- Ti amphibole occur at UHT conditions. The diverse mineral assemblages provide an important basis for investigating the mineral reaction mechanism of UHT metamorphism. Different UHT geological units and even different regions within the same UHT geological unit have different types of P- T- t trajectories, which may reflect different evolution histories or tectonic settings. The UHT metamorphic events in Antarctica occurred intermittently, basically in five periods: the late Mesoarchean (2850 Ma), the late Neoarchean- early Paleoproterozoic (2585～2450 Ma), the early Neoproterozoic (Grenvillian)(ca. 1000～900 Ma?), the late Neoproterozoic (early Pan- African, 650~605 Ma), the late Neoproterozoic- early Paleozoic (late Pan- African, 570～500 Ma), and were closely related to the evolution of supercontinents (supercratons). Different UHT metamorphic events may have formed at different stages of the plate tectonic evolution, such as the back- arc basin or the orogenic collapse stage. But the formation of UHT metamorphism is not confined to the present plate tectonic regime. For many UHT geological units in Antarctica, we have just a relatively limited understanding of their mineral reaction mechanism, metamorphic trajectory, formation time and duration, melting reaction and melt composition evolution, thus hindering the clear understanding of their heat source, dynamic mechanism and tectonic setting. Therefore further research into the UHT metamorphism in Antarctica is called for.