The development of petroleum industry presents a new situation of marching into deep stratum, deep sea and unconventional, highlighting natural gas field and valuing the geological engineering integration. The research of geology discipline presents a new trend of parallel development of conventional & unconventional petroleum geology and overall research of conventional & unconventional oil and gas integration in superbasins. In the future, oil and gas will still be the key demand for energy consumption and security, and the integration and innovation of conventional & unconventional petroleum geology will be the main challenge of discipline development. The emergence of conventional & unconventional petroleum geology is mainly due to the needs of reconstructing the theoretical framework of petroleum geology, reunderstanding the superbasin resource system, redeveloping applicable key technologies, reshaping the strategic role of energy transformation, and rerecording the exploration and development demonstration template. Conventional & unconventional petroleum geology is a geological discipline that studies the formation mechanism, orderly symbiosis, differential enrichment, recovery law and development strategy of conventional oil and gas reservoirs and unconventional oil and gas areas in the “symbiotic enrichment” basin, such as Ordos, Sichuan and other superbasins. It pays attention to the two resources of conventional oil and gas and unconventional oil and gas, and focuses on the evaluation of the characteristics and matching relationship of “source rock, reservoir, oil bearing, mobility, recoverability and economy” around the main source rock strata. Innovative research and development of core technologies such as source rock control theory and assessment of source reservoir symbiosis system, physical and numerical simulation of conventional & unconventional symbiotic accumulation basin, integrated evaluation of geological engineering and platform “industrialized” production mode. The research core is “overall discovery, limit exploitation and coordinated development of conventional & unconventional oil and gas”. Conventional oil and gas and unconventional oil and gas are orderly “symbiotic enrichment”, “symbiosis” is an objective natural law, “enrichment” is subjective cognition.Because objective laws can be recognized subjectively, through orderly coordination of the unity of objective and subjective, and advanced innovation and research and development of theories and technologies, the potential and value of the remaining resources can be better explored.The facts that from conventional trap oil and gas to unconventional continuous oil and gas, and then to conventional & unconventional orderly “symbiotic accumulation” oil and gas, show that innovative development of theoretical understanding and core technologies will lead and support the continuous realization of efficient discovery and utilization of oil and gas resources.