Yardangs, typical aeolian landforms, have been found to be widespread on Mars. Their morphological characteristics and compositions record information on changing paleoclimate environment, which is the focus of Martian exploration and research. This paper summarizes the research progress on their exploration history, morphological and geometric features, classification and distribution, composition, chronology, formation process, and significance to paleoclimate/environment. On this basis, we highlight major questions in the research of Martian yardangs and emphasize the importance of their quantitative and comparative planetary studies. Meanwhile, data on Martian yardang composition and chronology needs to be combined to discuss the co- evolution mechanism between their formation and climate/environmental changes.