Space weathering products, such as nano- to submicron sized opaque particles, are the main reason for the unique reflectance spectra characteristics of weathered particles on airless planetary bodies (e. g. , the Moon and asteroids). In this study, the source, formation mechanisms, and distribution of space weathering products were discussed on the basis of Apollo 15 soil samples and the irradiated results of ordinary chondrites and carbonaceous chondrites. Our experiments indicate that np- Fe0 (nanophase iron particles) should be formed by the vapor deposition and in- situ reduction of iron- magnesium silicate and other minerals caused by the bombardment of micrometeorites. np- FeNi (nanophase FeNi particles) are formed by the vapor deposition and shock dispersion of FeNi and troilite. np- FeNiS (nanophase FeNiS particles) and sm- FeNiS (submicron FeNiS particles) are mainly formed by the impact dispersion of troilite. These opaque particles are the main reason for the change of spectral characteristics of the Moon and S- type asteroids in the ultraviolet- near infrared reflectance (UV- NIR) band, including reduced reflectance, weaker absorption bands, and the redshift of the continuum. The bubble structure can be attributed to the escape of volatiles in phyllosilicates during micrometeorite bombardment, which is speculated to be the main reason for the increased spectral reflectance and blueshift of the continuum in the UV- NIR band of asteroids with high water content (such as Bennu). The experimental results could provide a reference for the analysis of returned lunar samples, future asteroid samples, and the interpretation of space weathering characteristics of the reflectance spectrum.